1. Russian Expansion

2. Russia

3. Poland – Poland – Lithuania

4. Ottoman Empire Fall of Constantinople Impacts on Europe – Balkans – Russia – Austria – Trade

5. Ottoman Empire

6. Central Europe Holy Roman Empire Germany Italy

7. Spain Reconquista 711-1492 Impacts – Religion – Culture

8. Spain

9. Netherlands Economic center Holy Roman Empire Habsburg dynasty Spain

10. Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Feudalism Impacts on France – Aristocracy – Monarchical power Impacts on England – War of the Roses (1455-85) Lancaster v. York Tudor (Henry VII, 1485) – Isolation

11. Religion Official status of Christianity – East v. West Religion and popular culture – Relics – Clergy – Witchcraft Clergy – Male power – Church and State (Investiture Controversy 1075-1122) – Papal States

12. Great Schism 1378-1418 Avignon Papacy (1309-77) Hundred Years’ War Role of the papacy and Church

13. In the News

14. Great Schism (1378-1418)

15. Black Death 1340s Trade routes Impacts on Europe

16. Social Structure Privileged classes – Royalty and aristocracy – Clergy Laboring classes – Soldiers – Serfs and Peasants

17. Social Structure Statistics – Age – Dimensions – Illiteracy Legal rights – Class

18. Social Structure Manors Towns Rise of states Economic trends – Manufacturing and trade – Trading centers

19. Italian Renaissance

20. Renaissance Italy

24. Reasons for the Renaissance in Italy – Commerce – Historical legacy – Rivalries Humanism – Plutarch Cicero

25. Renaissance Italy

26. Humanism – Civic and Christian – Intent – Methodology – Subjects Rhetoric Grammar Poetry Ethics History

27. Renaissance Italy City-states Territorial expansion – Food – Resources Warfare – Intense rivalries – Condottieri Balance of Power – Treaty of Lodi (1454) – Diplomacy

28. Renaissance Italy Major Powers – Milan – Venice – Florence – Rome (Papacy) – Naples

29. Milan Visconti Sforza

30. Venice Republic Mercantile State Mainland expansion

31. Florence Medici Republicanism Savonarola

32. Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli – Florence – The Prince (1532) Italian unification Ruler’s behavior Index of Forbidden Books

33. Papal States

34. Naples and Sicily Angevin Aragon

35. Renaissance Italy Italian Wars (1494- 1559) – France v. Spain – Sacking of Rome (1527) – Spanish dominance – Decline of Italy

36. Renaissance Italy

37. Italian Families Marriage Class Gender Crime and Punishment