1. The Allies Are Victorious
Chapter 16, Section 4

2. The Allies Plan for Victory
December 22, 1941 Winston Churchill and FDR meet at the White House to plan the war
Stalin want the Americans and Brits to attack Europe
This would weaken the Germans in the East (those fighting the Soviets)
Two fronts would end Germany

3. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
The Brits and USA start by attacking in N. Africa and Italy/southern Europe first
This angered Stalin, he wanted them to go after France
USSR is still on their own with fighting the Germans and losing millions of people

4. North Africa Campaign
General Erwin Rommel (German) takes control in 1942 with the win at Tobruk
The British send Bernard Montgomery “Monty” to stop Rommel
The Battle of El Alamein was a massive assault by the British that finally sent the Germans into retreat
The US launched an attack in Morocco and trapped Rommel in-between US and British forces

5. Turning Point at Stalingrad
In the summer of 1942 Hitler and the Germans are ready to fight again in Russia
Hitler sent his Sixth Army to capture oil rich fields in the south of Russia
To do this they needed to capture the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd)
Started August 23, 1942

6. Stalingrad Stalin told his generals to hold the city at all cost
By November the Germans controlled 90% of the city
By mid November the Soviets launched a counter attack that surrounded the city
The German Sixth Army was trapped and got little to no supplies

7. Stalingrad
On February 2, ,000 frostbitten and starved German troops surrendered
The Soviets had lost over 1 million troops at Stalingrad
The city was 99% destroyed
This crushed the Germans in Russia
Only one more assault would be launched by the Germans in the East

8. Invasion of Italy
July with pressure from Stalin the Americans and Brits invade Europe, in…
Italy 180,000 troops land in Sicily (island in the Mediterranean)
With this Mussolini was overthrown and arrested
Germany took over Italy and placed Mussolini back in charge

9. Italy Long story short:
The campaign was not seen as a success by the Allies
They fought in Italy until the Germans surrender in 1945
Mussolini was caught trying to escape in April of 1945
He was shot and hung from and meat hook at a gas station in Milan

10. Life on Allied home Fronts
Places like Britain and the Soviet Union citizens lost their lives
Americans at home did not endure bombings or invasions but they support the war effort

11. Mobilizing for Total War
US factories converted from peacetime production to those of war
By million workers, many women, worked in war industries
Many items became scarce because of lack of production of use in war this leads to RATIONING
Allied governments conducted propaganda to inspire their citizens to “win the war”

12. Japanese Americans Imprisoned
Prejudice against Japanese Americans rose after Pearl Harbor
127,000 Japanese Americans lived in America
Most in Hawaii and the west coast
FDR set up the internment program
Military rounds up “aliens” and ship them to relocation camps
31,275 prisoners are taken to the camps, a vast majority being American citizens of Japanese descent

13. Allied Victory in Europe
The D-Day invasion (June 6, 1944)
Largest amphibious assault in history
Landed at Normandy, France
5 beaches/sectors are attacked by US, British and Canadian soldiers
Juno, Sword, Gold, Utah and Omaha
They made their push towards Germany from this landing

14. The Battle of the Bulge Hitler gambles in the west
He tries to knock the Allies out of western Europe with a great assault
December 7, 1944 the Germans launch their last attack breaking through a weak spot in Allied defenses
The allies poured more troops into the gap to stop the advance
George Patton (US) conducted one of the best counter offenses of the war to push the Germans back

15. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
By March 1945 the Allies in the west crossed the Rhine river into Germany
The Soviets invaded Berlin on April 25, 1945
Hitler was located in an underground bunker in Berlin
April 29: marries Eva Braun and writes his final address to the German people
April 30: he kills himself and has his body burned to ashes with gasoline

16. May 7, 1945 Eisenhower accepts the unconditional surrender of Germany
May 8th a global celebration occurred to celebrate V-E Day
The War in Europe was over

17. Victory in the Pacific
The war was over in Europe but the Pacific still raged on
The Allies push the Japanese closer and closer to Japan with their “island-hoping” campaign

18. The Japanese Retreat
By the fall of 1944 the Allies are closing in on Japan
When the Allies tried to retake the Philippines the Japanese risked their entire navy to stop them
At the Battle of Leyte Gulf and three days of fighting the Japanese navy was no more

19. The Japanese Retreat Kamikaze – Japanese suicide pilots
March 1945 the Americans finally take Iwo Jima (600 miles from Japan)
June 1945 Okinawa (350 miles from Japan)
Now the Allies can bomb mainland Japan

20. The Atomic Bomb Built under the Manhattan Project
Top secret base located all over America
Each one made a component of the bomb
J Robert Oppenheimer – lead developer
First one was tested in the desert on New Mexico on July 16, 1945

21. Atomic Bomb Two sides to this story Pros Cons
Could save up to half a million US lives
Would end the war quickly
Would send a message to the Soviets
Cons
Would kill hundreds of thousands of incent civilian lives
Would release a evil on the world like no other

22. Japan Surrenders Okinawa was the staging island for the Bombs
August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
73,000 + died
August 9, 1945 Nagasaki
37,500 + died
The Japanese surrendered September 9, 1945 to MacArthur aboard the USS Missouri