1. Practices of WWI Revision

2. Two Topics War Aims War Aims Stalemate Stalemate

3. What were the war aims of the major powers? Entente Powers Entente Powers List of Aims List of Aims Central Powers List of Aims

4. Stalemate Revision Notes Write down everything you know about the following topics. Check your responses against the information in your book, pages 168-176 Write down everything you know about the following topics. Check your responses against the information in your book, pages 168-176 Schlieffen Plan Schlieffen Plan 1915 1915 Verdun Verdun Somme Somme Eastern Front Eastern Front Naval Warfare Naval Warfare

5. Sample Questions Related to this Topic In what ways and with what reasons have tactics changed in 20 th Century warfare? (M99) In what ways and with what reasons have tactics changed in 20 th Century warfare? (M99) In what ways did developments in weapons and tactics change the nature of warfare during the twentieth century? (N01) Analyse the changes in the nature of warfare during the twentieth century. (M02) Assess the aims of two countries entering the First World War. To what extent were they successful in achieving their aims? (N02) In what ways, and with what results for twentieth century wars, did tactics change? (N02)

6. Sample Questions Related to this Topic How and why did technological developments play an important part in twentieth-century wars? (M03) Evaluate the importance of naval warfare in twentieth century wars. Specific examples must be given from at least two wars. (M04) Compare and contrast the use of naval warfare in two wars, each chosen from a different region. (M05) To what extent did technological developments ensure victory in twentieth century wars? (M06) “No twentieth century war could be called a limited war.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion? (M06)

7. Application to: Total vs Limited War Total vs Limited War Technological Developments Technological Developments Naval Warfare Naval Warfare Accopmlishment of War Aims Accopmlishment of War Aims REMEMBER: This information would need to be used in conjunction with other knowledge, as well  synthesis and analysis, not repetition REMEMBER: This information would need to be used in conjunction with other knowledge, as well  synthesis and analysis, not repetition

8. One Topic War’s Social Impact War’s Social Impact

9. Social Impact of War, Revision Notes Write down everything you know about the following topics. Check your responses against the information in your book, pages 176-178 Write down everything you know about the following topics. Check your responses against the information in your book, pages 176-178 Economic Warfare Economic Warfare Role of Women Role of Women War-Weariness War-Weariness Organized Labor Organized Labor

10. How could you apply this knowledge? Application to... Application to...

11. Sample Questions Related to this Topic Compare and contrast the social and economic issues caused by two wars, each chosen from a different region. (M09) “Even in the twentieth century the term ‘total war’ could not be applied to any war.” To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (M08) In what ways and with what results did two wars, each chosen from a different region, affect the role and status of women? (M08) Define “total war” and examine to what extent either the First World War or the Second World War was a “total war”. (N08) Assess the social results of two wars, each chosen from a different region. (M06) “No twentieth century war could be called a limited war.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion? (M06)

12. Sample Questions Related to this Topic To what extent do you agree with the view that war accelerates social change? (N05) Assess the social and economic effects of one war on two of the countries involved, in the ten years following the end of the war. (M04) In what ways, and to what extent, was the Second World War “total war”? (M03) “War causes more suffering to women than to men.” “War liberates women.” Using evidence from at least two wars explain which statement you consider is more appropriate. (M03)

13. Two Main Ideas How and why did WWI end? How and why did WWI end? What impacts did WWI have on Europe? What impacts did WWI have on Europe?

14. Review Pages 180-182 “Spring Offensive “Spring Offensive “The Black Day” “The Black Day” AJP Taylor’s interpretation: “They [Germany] no longer wanted to win. They wanted only to end the war.” AJP Taylor’s interpretation: “They [Germany] no longer wanted to win. They wanted only to end the war.” War Weariness War Weariness France’s Sacred Union France’s Sacred Union Desertion Desertion Rationing in Germany and Austria Rationing in Germany and Austria 1918 Declaration of German Republic 1918 Declaration of German Republic

15. Effects of War Generalize about the impact of war on each of the following areas: Generalize about the impact of war on each of the following areas: Social Social Economic Economic Political Political Now specify the impacts for Europe after WWI Now specify the impacts for Europe after WWI Compare the effects of WWI and WWII Compare the effects of WWI and WWII

16. Application After reviewing the course and impact of WWI, think again about how/why this war happened? What lessons does this have for historians trying to apply these principles to the modern world? After reviewing the course and impact of WWI, think again about how/why this war happened? What lessons does this have for historians trying to apply these principles to the modern world? Was WWI inevitable? Was WWI inevitable? How might someone interpret WWI as positive for Europe? Negative? How might someone interpret WWI as positive for Europe? Negative?

17. Homework Do a brief review of Italian unification and general history, chapter 9. Do a brief review of Italian unification and general history, chapter 9.