1. World War I Mrs. O’Shea United States History CHSAS Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – Arlington Cemetery

2. U.S. Presidential Upheaval Roosevelt1901-1909 Taft1909-1913 Election of 1912 Teddy Roosevelt failed to get Republican nomination. Teddy Roosevelt started Bull Moose Party. CandidateElectoral College Vote Wilson – Democrat435 Taft - Republican8 Roosevelt – Bull Moose88

3. Overview Causes of WWI Causes of WWI U.S. involvement in the war U.S. involvement in the war Effects of the war on the United States (home front) Effects of the war on the United States (home front) Peace efforts after war Peace efforts after war

4. Causes Nationalism

5. Nationalism Intense pride in nation Problem = Countries act on their own best interest

6. Causes NationalismImperialism

7. Imperialism Scramble for colonies Problem = competition leads to conflict

8. Causes Nationalism Militarism Imperialism

9. Militarism Countries in Europe were spending large amounts of money on building up their armed forces. Problem: Constantly planning war made war more inevitable.

10. Causes Nationalism Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism

11. System of Alliances Countries created protective relationships with other countries Problem: If conflict occurs between two countries, other countries are bound by their relationships into the conflict. I got your back Russia!

13. Causes NationalismImperialism Militarism System of Alliances

14. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire Shot by Bosnian nationalist Shot by Bosnian nationalist

15. Spark of War Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914 Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914 Russia announces it mobilization for war. Russia announces it mobilization for war. Germany declares war on Russia – August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia – August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on France – August 3, 1914 Germany declares war on France – August 3, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany – August 4, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany – August 4, 1914 http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/

16. European PLAYERS Central Powers Austria-HungaryGermanyBulgaria Ottoman Empire AlliesSerbiaRussiaFrance Great Britain PortugalItalyRomaniaGreeceBelgium

17. Read pages 648-650 What is trench warfare? What is trench warfare? What is a stalemate? What is a stalemate? Name a few of the new weapons of war used during WWI. Name a few of the new weapons of war used during WWI. What was No Man’s Land? What was No Man’s Land? Talkers – Add – Questions 1-5 on p. 651

18. 1914 – Wilson declares neutrality (protect investments)

19. New Technology in Warfare Machine guns = 600 rounds per minute Machine guns = 600 rounds per minute Rapid fire artillery Rapid fire artillery Poison gas Poison gas Airplanes and Airships (Zeppelins) Airplanes and Airships (Zeppelins) Tanks Tanks U-boats U-boats

20. Trench Warfare http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_tr ench.html http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_tr ench.html The Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,2500 miles of trenches by the end of 1914. Lice Trench foot Rats Dysentery Trench fever

22. Ships lost to submarines Year19141915191619171918 Number of Ships 33969642,4391,035

23. Battle of Somme Battle of Somme Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI trench warfare Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI trench warfare British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack. British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties (20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack.Casualties British = 420,000 French = 200,000 Germans = 500,000 Allies gained about one mile in the advance. Allies gained about one mile in the advance.

24. Warm-up Just before World War I, about one third of all Americans were first or second generation immigrants. When the war broke out in Europe, many of these Americans citizens still felt very close to their “old countries.” Which ethnic groups in the United States might have favored the nations of the Central Powers? Why? Which ethnic groups might have favored the Allies? Why?

25. U.S. Involvement in WWI 1. Opposition to autocratic Kaiser Wilhelm 2. Most immigrants favored Allies 3. Propaganda fueled by Britain (got our news only from them)

26. 4. Sinking of passenger ships by U-boats (Lusitania, Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia) 5. Zimmerman Note – if Mexico declares war on U.S., Germany would give them land after war 6. Russian Revolution – Czar is overthrown – Czar is overthrown

27. 1917 – Wilson declares War “make the world safe for democracy”

28. Mobilizing Troops Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediately Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediately Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must register Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must register 24 million registered3 million drafted Trained and transported by convoy (thwarted u-boats) Trained and transported by convoy (thwarted u-boats)

29. Johnnie, get your gun, Get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, On the run, on the run. Hear them calling, you and me, Every son of liberty. Hurry right away, No delay, go today, Make your daddy glad To have had such a lad. Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line. (chorus sung twice) Johnnie, get your gun, Get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, On the run, on the run. Hear them calling, you and me, Every son of liberty. Hurry right away, No delay, go today, Make your daddy glad To have had such a lad. Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line. (chorus sung twice) Johnnie, get your gun, Get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun Who's a son of a gun. Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, Show your grit, do your bit. Yankee to the ranks, From the towns and the tanks. Make your mother proud of you, And the old Red, White and Blue. Johnnie, get your gun, Get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun Who's a son of a gun. Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, Show your grit, do your bit. Yankee to the ranks, From the towns and the tanks. Make your mother proud of you, And the old Red, White and Blue. Warm-up – Explain this song.

30. Homefront Liberty Bonds - $20 million Liberty Bonds - $20 million Factories – commercial goods -> war goods Factories – commercial goods -> war goods Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Herbert Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings time Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Herbert Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings time Fear of German-Americans Fear of German-Americans Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to discuss anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navy Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to discuss anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navy

31. Propaganda Posters For each poster, answer the following questions. What is the purpose of this poster? What is the purpose of this poster? What type of person is this poster directed towards? What type of person is this poster directed towards? Describe the use of art – characters, color (use your imagination), lettering, backgrounds. Describe the use of art – characters, color (use your imagination), lettering, backgrounds.

38. Warm-up – May 10 Read pages 659-661. Answer following questions: 1) Why did Russia withdraw from the war? 2) How did the Russian withdrawal help the Germans? 3) What is an armistice?

39. End of War Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germany Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germany Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big push Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big push Germany overwhelmed by U.S. Germany overwhelmed by U.S. Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November 1918

40. 8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = average of about 5,000 a day 22 million dead U.S. losses 48,000 battle deaths 2,900 missing in action 56,000 disease related deaths

41. How do you make peace last? Big Four – Paris Peace Conference (France, USA, Italy, Great Britain) Wilson of U.S. End of tangling alliances Removal of trade barriers Reduction of military forces Self-determination League of Nations George of Britain, Clemenceau of France, Orlando of Italy Central Powers pay reparations Divide up Germany’s colonies ?

42. Versailles Treaty League of Nations League of Nations 9 new nations created from Germany 9 new nations created from Germany Middle East divided up Middle East divided up $33 million in war reparations for Germany $33 million in war reparations for Germany Makes Germany admit responsibility Makes Germany admit responsibility

43. Effects of War on U.S. Effects of War on U.S. U.S. emerged as a leading industrial power U.S. emerged as a leading industrial power More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration) More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration) Intensified anti-immigrant sentiments Intensified anti-immigrant sentiments Brought women into workplace – Brought women into workplace – 1920 = 19 th Amendment

44. Review for Quiz Four Causes of WWI Spark that started the war Central Powers vs. Allied Powers New Weapons What does it mean to be neutral? Six Reasons that U.S. entered the war – Zimmerman Note, U-Boat Activity of Germany (Lusitania) What side did we enter the war on? Who was our President?

45. Militarism Militarism Mobilization Mobilization Central Powers Central Powers Allies Allies Russian Revolution Russian Revolution Convoy Convoy Genocide Genocide Armistice Armistice Selective Service Act Selective Service Act Herbert Hoover – Food Administration Herbert Hoover – Food Administration