3. Which country was the 1 st to industrialize?  Great Britain!  Why?  Natural Resources  Gov’t Support  Lots of Labor  Agric Rev’n  Capital ($$$$$)  Via trade  Transportation

4. Effects of Industrialization  Urbanization -> Growth of Cities  Living Conditions:  Initially – Bad  Later after reforms – Improved standard of living  Working Conditions:  Dangerous, dirty, unsanitary  Later after reforms – Incr Wages, less hrs, better conditions

5.  Social classes  Rise of the middle class  Resentment from upper and lower classes  Better transportation  Steam -> Railroads! Ships  Widened the gap between industrialized & non-industrialized nations

6. Technological Advances  Kay’s Flying shuttle helped speed up weaving  Arkwright’s water frame enabled more efficient weaving & created the need for factories  Cotton gin  Steam Engine for factories

7. Emergence of Capitalism  What famous economist?  Adam Smith!  Self-Interest & Competition leads to  Best Goods at the Lowest Prices  Gov’t shouldn’t interfere w/ economy  Laissez Faire

8. Marxism  Karl  Problem:  Workers are exploited  Class struggle is inevitable  Leads to socialism/communism

10. What is Imperialism?  Foreign control of a people or territory  Economically  Culturally  Politically

11. Old Imperialism  Age of Exploration (Think Columbus 1492)  Spain -> South America  France & GB -> North America  Slavery

12. Forms  Colony  An imperial power OPENLY controlling another territory/ppl  Protectorate  Puppet Gov’t  Sphere of Influence  Exclusive Trading Benefits for imperial power  Econ Imperialism  Politically independent country controlled by private foreign companies

13. Why? $$  IR  Prestige (Improve Nat’l Social Status)  Religion  Missionaries/Christianity  Cultural  “Civilize” them  Justification:  Social Darwinism  The strongest should survive

14. New Imperialism  1850-1914  Africa  Asia  Causes  Nationalism -> Competition, Prestige  $ - IR -> Need Resources  Missionary Spirit, Religion

15. Resistance to Imperialism  Africa  Armed resistance, most often failed.  Berlin Conference – European countries “Carved” up Africa w/o African representation  By 1914 only Liberia & Ethiopia were independent

16.  India  “Crown Jewel” colony of GB  Armed resistance (Sepoy Rebellion)  China  Resistance: Sun Yat-Sen  Armed Resistance  Opium Wars  Japan  Industrialized

18. Causes  MANIA

19.  Militarism  Alliances (Entangling)  Nationalism  Imperialism  Assassination

20. Entangling Alliances  Initial Dispute: Serbia & A-H  Russia supports Serbia  Germany supports A-H  France supports Russia  Germany’s Schlieffen Plan violates Belgium which pulls in GB

21.  Triple Alliance  Italy  Germany  Austria- Hungary  Will become the  Central Powers  Triple Entente  France  Great Britain  Russia  Will become the  Allies

22. Total War  Gov’t took control of economies (factories)  Rationing  Women joined the work force  Higher Employment  Propaganda

23. Both: Massive Casualties & Destruction Western FrontEastern Front  Trench Warfare  Small land gains  Germany, GB & France  Stalemate  No Trenches  Large land gains  Germany, A-H, Turks vs Russia & Serbs

24. 3 Major Events  Armenian Genocide  Ottoman Turks systematically try to eliminate Armenians  US Joins the Allies 1917  German Submarine Warfare sings the Lusitania  Zimmerman Telegram  Russian Rev’n 1918 –  Promising Peace, Bread & Land Lenin signs the Treat y of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany which gives up land to Germany & gets Russia out of the war

25. Wilson’s 14 Points  Proposed Peace Plan  End secret treaties  Freedom of the seas  Free trade  Reduce military  Be fair to colonial ppl  Suggestions for creating new nations w/ self- determination  Nations need to come together to protect each other (would become the League of Nations)

26. Treaty of Versailles  Signed Agreement  League of Nations  No Germany or Russia  Germany loses A-L & all of its overseas colonies  Germany must decrease military  War Guilt clause  Sole responsibility for WWI  Reparation payments $33 Billion over 30 yrs

27. Effects of WWI  Generation of Europeans killed or wounded  Dynasties fall  A-H, Germany (Hohezollern family), Russia (Romanovs)  New Countries Created  League of Nations created to promote Peace  Long-Term Effects  Some nations feel betrayed & resentful w/ outcome  Nationalism & Competition remain

28. Effect on Art/Lit  “Lost Generation”  Generation of people born between 1883 and 1900  Disillusioned by WWI.  Pioneered new styles of artistic expression through writing.  Spent considerable amounts of time outside the US

29.  Gertrude Stein  Ernest Hemingway  Thomas Eliot