1. A Global Conflict: WWI

2. Today’s Activities Global Conflict Investigation Using books or iPads (books are easier) You will be given 35 minutes to complete WWI Ends Notes John Green WWI

3. iPad Investigations Today you (or you and a partner, group of 3 or 4) will investigate a series of important events that took place in WWI. There are different sections that you will answer a series of questions to get to the main points (IE test questions). Use the textbook if google is too difficult.

4. The War Ends

5. Russia Withdraws March 1917, civil unrest in Russia (mostly due to shortages in food and fuel) forced Czar Nicholas to step down Provisional government established New government pledged to keep fighting the war By 1917, nearly 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner. Russia army refused to fight any longer

6. Russia’s Future Eight months after the new government takes over, a revolution is going to shake Russia to its core November 1917, Communist leader Lenin seized power Lenin insists the ending of Russia’s involvement in the war Offers Germany a truce March 1918, Germany and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ends the war between them.

7. Germans’ Victory? Russia’s withdrawal allowed the Germans to send all its forces to the Western front March 1918-Germans mounted one final, massive attack on the allies in France German forces crushed everyone Late May 1918, Germans almost reach Paris-almost reach victory

8. Central Powers Collapse German military weakened To reach the Marne exhausted men & supplies The Allies (with 140,000 fresh US troops) launched a counterattack July 1918, Allies and Germans clash at the Second Battle of the Marne With fresh troops and tanks Allies began to advance toward Germany Central Powers began to collapse

9. The Tide Changes Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks surrender October, revolutions swept through Austria- Hungary Germany-soldiers mutinied, public turns on kaiser

10. Kaiser Wilhelm II Steps Down November 9, 1918 Wilhelm II steps down Germany is declared a republic Representative of the new German government met with French Commander Marshal Foch in a railway car near Paris The two sign an armistice November 11, WWI ended

11. Germany’s Future? Germany had suffered great losses in WWI, and now their future was up in the air.

12. John Green WWI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XPZQ0L AlR4

13. Treaty of Versailles

14. Bellringer What should happen to Germany and the Central Powers as a result of the war?

15. Legacy of the Great War New kind of war About 8.5 million soldiers died 21 million wounded Countless civilian deaths by way of starvation, disease, slaughter Economic impact on Europe Drained treasuries of European countries Destroyed acres of farmland, homes, villages, towns Sense of disillusionment Peace agreement

16. But what about those involved? Physical injuries Shell shock o emotional shock o brought on by horrors heard and seen in the trenches o Some survived, suffering from nightmares http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL5noVCpVKw Impact on families

18. Causalities (Hurt or Wounded) Russia: 9,150,000 British Empire: 3,190,235 France: 6,160,800 US: 323,018 Germany: 7,142,558 Austria-Hungary: 7,020,000

19. Allies Meet for Peace January 18, 1919 Treaty of Versailles The Big Four: Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Russia at civil war Germany and its allies not represented

20. Wilson’s Plan Fourteen Points o outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace End to secret treaties Reduced national armies and navies Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness towards colonial people Changing borders and new nations Association of nations

21. Treaty of Versailles Activity ●In pairs, you will be given ONE excerpt of an article from the treaty. ●Together, you will answer the following questions for a discussion. Be prepared to discuss. ○ What is the article saying? Paraphrase it. ○ Who is the focus? Are they being punished? ○ What impact will it have on the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary)? Allied Powers (US, Britain, France)? ○ Is this an EFFECTIVE means to end the war ?

22. Discussion What is it about? What is the impact on Central Powers? Allied Powers? Effective means to end the war? What will the native Germans think?

23. The Versailles Treaty Great debate June 28, 1919 League of Nations o international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations Punished Germany o lost LOTS of territory o Severe restrictions on military operations o War Guilt clause-sole responsibility of the war on Germany o Pay reparations to Allies (which they JUST finished paying in 2010)

24. The Creation of New Nations Western powers sign separate peace treaties in 1919 & 1920 o Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Huge land losses Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia recognized as independent Ottoman Empire gives up most of the former empire-land that is now Turkey-is all thats left Russia lost land as well

26. “A Peace Built on Quicksand” Little to build lasting peace US rejected treaty Americans felt that the best hope for peace was to stay out of European affairs War-guilt clause left a bitterness and hatred to Germans Other countries felt cheated Those who lived in colonies were angry at the Allies

27. Other Failures of Treaty Japan and Italy entered the war to gain territory, gained less than they wanted League of Nations was in no position to take action In less than two decades the treaties’ legacy of bitterness would help plunge the world into another war

28. Treaty of Versailles Clip (Not John Green) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1Ow PXgk