1.  Unit 3 Overview  5 weeks (now through winter break)  Major topics:  The Weimar Republic and its failings  Hitler’s rise to power  Nazi ideology and laws  The Holocaust  Assessments:  Nazi Germany paper (week after Thanksgiving)  Discussion: who was responsible for the Holocaust?  One DBQ; two quizzes

2. A fact to ponder: Adolf Hitler came to power legally and democratically

3.  The End of the First World War

4.   1914-1918  Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) defeated by Allied Powers (France, United Kingdom, Russia, US)  Effects on Germany  About 2.5 million dead; many more wounded  Political turmoil  Psychological shock – Germans didn’t expect to lose the war Review: World War I

5.   July 1918: US troops arrive in France  October 1918: Germany requests an armistice based on Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points  November 10: Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates  Armistice signed November 11 The End of the War

6.   How should Germany be governed after WWI?  How should the Allies make peace with Germany? Two Questions  Woodrow Wilson (USA) wants fair treatment, self-determination, and a League of Nations  The other Allies (France, UK, Italy) want revenge

7.  Questions for Analyzing the Treaty of Versailles 1.What is this document saying? (Translate it into plain English) 2.Why might Germans be upset about this document?

8.   Signed June 28, 1919  Treaty ending World War I with Germany  Germany was not allowed to negotiate – a diktat  Major provisions  Blame – the War Guilt Clause  Army – severe limits on Germany’s military  Reparations – Germany owed money to the Allies  Territory – Germany lost 13% of territory + all colonies The Treaty of Versailles

9.  “The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.” Blame: The War Guilt Clause

10.   June 28, 1919 (included in Treaty of Versailles)  Blamed Germany for WWI  Germans resented this provision  Justified demands for huge reparations The War Guilt Clause

11.   Germany’s army and navy severely restricted  Germans worried about external threats  Left many Germans unemployed  Freikorps – unofficial anti- Communist armies Army: Restrictions on the Military

12.   Dolchstoßlegende – “stab in the back” myth  Held that Jews or other traitors stopped Germany from winning WWI  Gave Germans an outlet for frustration over losing WWI And Now, a Fancy German Word

13.   Germany forced to pay back massive amounts of reparations to Britain and France  Britain and France needed reparations to pay back wartime loans from the US  Total:  Initially $63 billion ($768 billion in 2010 money)  Later reduced to $33 billion ($402 billion in 2010 money)  Last payment made October 3, 2010 Reparations

14.   Germany lost territory in Europe  Alsace-Lorraine (to France)  Saar (to League of Nations)  Rhineland (to be demilitarized)  Danzig (to League of Nations)  Also lost all its colonies  Total losses:  13% of European territory  10% of population (about 6.5 million people) Territory

15. German Territorial Losses after WWI