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AP US History Unit 10 1920’s & Great Depression
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Seeing Red The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia caused a spread of Communism to the United States. This caused a “red scare” in 1919- 1920 in the United States. A crusade was organized to rid the country of all political radicals and socialists. Much of the labor protests were blamed on the Communists. The labor unions were behind the protests so in turn labor unions = communism. The American Plan was an anti- union campaign. Unions took on an anti-American sentiment in society.
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Anti-Foreign Sentiment Spreads Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti both Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers. Accused and convicted of murder. Sentenced to death by electrocution in 1927. Highly controversial case because of prejudice against foreigners by the judge and jury.case
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Resurgence of the KKK Early 1920’s Anti…..foreign, Catholic, black, Jewish, pacifist, Communist, evolutionist, bootlegger, gambling, adultery, birth control. Pro-Anglo Saxon and Protestant faith. Ultra-conservative. Blazing cross was trademark. Blazing cross Beatings, tar and feathers, lynching.
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Limiting Immigration Immigration Act of 1924 Immigration Act of 1924 2% of the people of a specific nationality, who had been living in the United States in 1890, were only permitted to enter the United States annually. No Japanese allowed at all. Canadians and Latin Americans exempt. Marked the end of unrestricted immigration to the United States. Caused the growth of ethnic communities. Limited organizing of labor unions in industry due to the language barrier.
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Prohibition: “Jazz Age” 18 th Amendment (1919) Supported by churches, women, the South, and West. Opposed by the big cities in the East. Sounds good in theory but had drastic social consequences that hurt the American people and image.
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Difficulties in Enforcement Federal Agencies were understaffed, susceptible to bribery, and underpaid. Home made liquor was more dangerous due to its strength of alcoholic content. Caused the organized crime of “bootlegging” and “raketeering” of selling/smuggling alcohol to “speakeasies”.
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Violence in the Cities Gang wars erupted in the 1920’s. Chicago was a hot spot for such violence. 1925 “Scarface” Al Capone was a notorious gangster allegedly behind the cold-blooded massacre of St. Valentine’s Day in 1929. Capone
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Rise of “Speakeasies” The underground taverns and bars.bars A password was required to enter. Alcohol was brought in through garden hoses. “Flappers” and gangsters were common.
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Loss of Morality in Society and Education The “Monkey Trial”“Monkey Trial” John Scopes 1925 Science teacher in Tennessee Indicted for teaching the theory of evolution Scopes found guilty and fined $100. Major victory for religious fundamentalism.
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Consumerism and Advertising The early 1920’s was a period of widespread prosperity which led to irresponsible spending. Consumers were influenced by a new industry called advertising and marketing. Consumers “Sex sells” and other ploys making consumers feel as though they need their product. Assembly line production made goods cheaper and more affordable for the “average Joe”.
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Sports and Entertainment As working hours were reduced and families gained access to radios and televisions sporting events became a popular leisure activities. sporting events Baseball and Boxing were among the most popular sports in the 1920’s.
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Transportation Innovations Henry Ford’s “Model T” The mass production of automobiles creates a higher demand for gasoline. It also created other industries for rubber, glass, fabrics, roads, service stations, and mechanics. Air travel was becoming a new mode of transportation. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh flies the first east to west flight over the Atlantic from NY to Paris.travel
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Wall Street Real Estate speculation running wild Appraising houses for more than what they’re worth. People buy stocks “on margin” (with loans) with hopes of getting more back from the market than owed on loan amount. Huge national debt from WWI. High tax rates discouraged businesses from growing and so they gave tax breaks to the wealthy and put the burden on the middle class. Eventually the bubble burst and it all came crashing down in March of 1929.bubble burst
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