1. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

2. Metals Location: 2/3 of all elements, left of the ladder, most active lower left (Fr) Location: 2/3 of all elements, left of the ladder, most active lower left (Fr) Lose/gain: lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) Lose/gain: lose electrons to form positive ions (cations) Ionization energy (I.E. energy absorbed when electrons are lost from a neutral atom in the gaseous phase-table S)Low Ionization energy (I.E. energy absorbed when electrons are lost from a neutral atom in the gaseous phase-table S)Low Electronegativity (E.N. tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it chemically combines with other elements-table S)Low Electronegativity (E.N. tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it chemically combines with other elements-table S)Low Electron Affinity (E.A. energy gained when electrons are gained by a neutral atom in the gaseous phase)Low Electron Affinity (E.A. energy gained when electrons are gained by a neutral atom in the gaseous phase)Low

3. Metals Other Properties: Luster, Malleability, Ductility, High thermal and electrical conductivity. Other Properties: Luster, Malleability, Ductility, High thermal and electrical conductivity. Physical State and examples: Solids except mercury (liquid) at room temperature. Physical State and examples: Solids except mercury (liquid) at room temperature.

4. Nonmetals Location: 1/3 of elements, right of ladder, most active upper right (F) Location: 1/3 of elements, right of ladder, most active upper right (F) Lose/gain: gain electrons to form negative ions (anions) Lose/gain: gain electrons to form negative ions (anions) I.E. : high I.E. : high E.N. : high E.N. : high E.A. : high E.A. : high

5. Nonmetals Other properties: Dull, brittle, not ductile, not malleable, poor thermal and electrical conductors Other properties: Dull, brittle, not ductile, not malleable, poor thermal and electrical conductors Physical state and examples: Gases (oxygen, nitrogen), molecular solids or network solids at room temperature (carbon ) or a liquid (only bromine) Physical state and examples: Gases (oxygen, nitrogen), molecular solids or network solids at room temperature (carbon ) or a liquid (only bromine)

6. Metalloids (semi-metals) Location: along the ladder, 7 of them (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At) (note: Al and Po are metals) Location: along the ladder, 7 of them (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At) (note: Al and Po are metals) Lose/gain: lose, gain or share electrons depending upon what it bonds to. Can form either positive or negative ions. Lose/gain: lose, gain or share electrons depending upon what it bonds to. Can form either positive or negative ions. I.E.: medium I.E.: medium E.N.: medium E.N.: medium E.A.: medium E.A.: medium

7. Metalloids Other Properties: Have some properties of metals and others of nonmetals. Generally intermediate in luster and conductivity. Other Properties: Have some properties of metals and others of nonmetals. Generally intermediate in luster and conductivity. Physical state and examples: most are solids (B, Sb,Te etc.) Physical state and examples: most are solids (B, Sb,Te etc.)