1. HEAT STRESS

2. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH: Engineering Controls Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment Training Training

3. TRAINING OVERVIEW Heat Stress Defined Body’s Cooling System Cause, Symptoms, and First Aid Prevention/Controls Related Factors Assessment of Environmental Conditions Medical Surveillance

4. Heat Stress: Heat Stress: is the combination of environmental and physical work factors that constitute the total heat load imposed on your body. Occupations at risk: laborers, military, farmers, cooks in hot kitchens, workers in boiler rooms and factories, seamen in engine rooms, athletes, lawn maintenance workers, a/c repairmen, etc.

5. BODY’S COOLING SYSTEM Blood is pumped close to skin for cooling, Blood is pumped close to skin for cooling, reduces blood going to the brain and rest of your body As temperature rise, surface blood vessels get bigger As temperature rise, surface blood vessels get bigger and pulse rate goes up. As temperatures rise in air and surrounding equipment, As temperatures rise in air and surrounding equipment, through convection, conduction, and radiation your body gains heat instead of losing it.

6. Evaporation of sweat is how your body cools itself. Evaporation of sweat is how your body cools itself. But by sweating - you lose fluids and minerals. But by sweating - you lose fluids and minerals. Most people lose about a quart of sweat/hr in extreme heat. Most people lose about a quart of sweat/hr in extreme heat. This adds a strain to your circulatory system which now This adds a strain to your circulatory system which now has a lower amount of blood in your body. has a lower amount of blood in your body. BODY’ COOLING SYSTEM - CONT.

7. Degree of Hazard - Minor to Moderate SUNBURN Cause - Exposure of unprotected skin to UV light Symptoms - First degree burns: red, painful skin Second degree: blistering and/or peeling Second degree: blistering and/or peeling First Aid - Skin lotions, topical anesthetics, relocate to shade. shade.

8. Heat Syncope Heat Syncope Degree of Hazard - Minimal Cause - Pooling of blood in the legs/skin from prolonged static posture and heat exposure static posture and heat exposure Symptoms - Blurred vision (grey-out), fainting (brief blackout), normal temperature blackout), normal temperature First Aid - Lie on back in cool environment, drink water

9. Heat Rash (Prickly Heat) (Prickly Heat) Degree of Hazard - Minimal Cause - Constant exposure to hot/humid air Symptoms - Pink pimples, intense itching, tingling First Aid - Cleanse area, dry thoroughly, apply calamine or other soothing lotion to relieve discomfort, or other soothing lotion to relieve discomfort, could result in infection if left untreated could result in infection if left untreated

10. Degree of Hazard - Minor Heat Cramps Heat Cramps Cause - Prolonged exposure to heat, excessive loss of salt through profuse sweating of salt through profuse sweating Symptoms - Painful intermittent spasms of the abdomen and other voluntary muscles, body and other voluntary muscles, body temperature normal or below normal, temperature normal or below normal, may occur during or after working hours may occur during or after working hours First Aid - Rest & drink plenty of water/electrolyte drink

11. Degree of Hazard - Moderate Dehydration Dehydration Cause - Excessive fluid loss caused by sweating, illness (vomiting or diarrhea), alcohol consumption Symptoms - No early symptoms, fatigue, weakness, dry mouth dry mouth First Aid - Fluid and salt replacement (with food)

12. Degree of Hazard - Moderate Heat Exhaustion Cause - Physical exertion in hot environment, dehydration Competing demands for blood flow to skin and active muscles Symptoms - Profuse sweating, weakness, pallor, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea, headache, vomiting, rise in body temperature, unconsciousness, skin cool/clammy with sweat First Aid - Rest in shade/cool place & drink plenty of water.

13. Degree of Hazard - Serious Heat Stroke Cause - Prolonged exposure to high temperature results in failure to regulate body temperature results in failure to regulate body temperature Symptoms - Dryness of mouth, sweating is diminished or absent, skin hot and dry,skin may be red or splotchy, high absent, skin hot and dry,skin may be red or splotchy, high body temperature, untreated may result in delirium, chills, body temperature, untreated may result in delirium, chills, convulsions, coma and even death convulsions, coma and even death First Aid - Douse body continuously with cool liquid. Don’t give person anything to drink - they could inhale vomit into give person anything to drink - they could inhale vomit into lungs. Summon medical aid immediately! lungs. Summon medical aid immediately!

14. Prevention Acclimatization - Usually takes one to two weeks Conditioning - Physically fit person has a lower heart Lower body temperature Lower body temperature More efficient sweating mechanism More efficient sweating mechanism Hydration - Consume fluids before, during, and after job Do not wait until your thirsty to drink water Do not wait until your thirsty to drink water Air Movement - Under certain conditions

15. Prevention Training - Self determination: Workers need to know how to recognize and prevent heat stress how to recognize and prevent heat stress Proper Clothing - Wear light color clothing, change wet to dry clothing when possible to dry clothing when possible Eat Properly - Eat light meals during work Save your heaviest meal for after work Save your heaviest meal for after work

16. Related Factors - Heat Stress Age - over 40 Gender - aerobic capacity Body Fat - insulative barrier Drugs/Alcohol - dehydrate the body Previous Occurrence of Heat Stroke - heat tolerance Illness/Immunization - affect heat tolerance

17. Higher Frequency of Injury/Illness - Higher Frequency of Injury/Illness - Direct Causes: Fogged glasses Sweat in eyes Sweat in eyes Slippery hands Slippery hands Dizziness or fainting Dizziness or fainting Indirect Causes: Physical discomfort Irritability and anger Irritability and anger Poor judgement Poor judgement Diverting attention from job Diverting attention from job Slower mental/physical job reactions Slower mental/physical job reactions

18. Assessment of Environmental Conditions Conditions WBGT - Combination temperature of dry air, relative humidity and radiant heating. humidity and radiant heating. Heat Index - National Weather Service public alert combination of heat and humidity combination of heat and humidity

19. Assessment of Environmental Assessment of Environmental Conditions Conditions Personal Monitor - Device monitors a worker Core temperature and pulse rate Core temperature and pulse rate

20. Medical Surveillance - Evaluation of individual risk - Preplacement/Periodic physicals - Physician’s written opinion with copy to the individual and copy placed in medical records and copy placed in medical records