1. Mrs Teocc The Chinese High School Diagrams by Ms Angela Ng The Structure of Atoms & Formation of Ions

2. Revision An Atom consists of electrons protons neutrons Electronic Structure of Sodium nucleus

3. HeNeAr The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases

4. Noble gases - very stable electron arrangement - do not gain or lose electrons => unreactive The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases

5. X Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

6. X Other atoms try to become likethose of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

7. X Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

8. X Gain of electron Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

9. Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

10. Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

11. Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

12. Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

13. Y Loss of electron Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

14. 1. In an atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Formation of Ions 1. In an atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. => electrically neutral 2. If electrons are added or removed, it becomes a charged particle => ion

15. Cl atom 17p 18n No overall charge p=17e=17 To become negative ions (anions)

16. 17p 18n

17. To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

18. To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

19. To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

20. Gain of a electron To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

21. More electrons than protons To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

22. has overall negative charge Negative ion (anion) Cl - Due to addition of 1 electron To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

23. O atom 8p 8n No overall charge p=8e=8 To become negative ions (anions)

24. 8p 8n

25. To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

26. To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

27. To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

28. Adding of 2 electrons To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

29. More electrons than protons To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

30. has overall negative charge negative ion (anion) O2-O2-O2-O2- Due to addition of 2 electrons 2- To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

31. -> e.g. Cl -, O 2- Generally non-metals have many outer electrons (4-7) They -> -> tend to ______ electrons gain -> form negative ions (anions)

32. Na atom 11p 12n No overall charge p=11e=11 To become positive ions (cations)

33. 11p 12n

34. To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

35. Removal of 1 electron To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

36. More protons than electrons To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

37. has overall positive charge positive ion (cation) Na + + Loss of 1 electron To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

38. Mg atom No overall charge To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

39. To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

40. To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

41. To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

42. To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

43. Removal of 2 electrons To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

44. More protons than electrons To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

45. has overall positive charge Mg 2+ Loss of 2 electrons positive ion (cation) To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n 2+

46. -> form positive ions (cations) -> example Na +, Mg 2+ metals Generally metals have few outer electrons (1-3 electrons) They -> -> tend to _________electrons lose