2. How to do it… Step One: The Octet (8) rule…Atoms will gain or lose electrons to have a total of 8 electrons in their outer shell.

3. Complete Outer Shell Once the atom gains or loses electrons it is stable because it has a complete outer shell. Which group of elements is stable (non-reactive)?

4. Noble Gases Atoms will gain or lose electrons to become like the nearest noble gas.

5. Making Ions Remember an electron has a negative charge If and an atom gains electrons it becomes negative by the amount of electrons it gains Gain 1 electron and become -1

6. Making Ions Remember an electron has a negative charge If an atom loses electrons it becomes positive by the amount of electrons it loses Lose 1 electron and become +1

7. Exceptions to the Octet The elements that are close to the noble gas Helium need to get 2 electrons in the outer shell, not 8. Example: Lithium

8. Practice Game Round… Make the ion for Lithium… How many electrons in the outer shell? Nearest Noble gas? Will it gain or lose electrons and how many?

9. Answer Li + or Li +1

10. 1 What is the ion for Oxygen?

11. O-2

12. 2 What is the ion for Sodium?

13. Na +

14. 3 What is the ion for Flourine?

15. F-

16. 4 What is the ion for Magnesium?

17. Mg +2

18. 5 What is the ion for Nitrogen?

19. N-3

20. 6 What is the ion for H?

21. H+

22. 7 What is the ion for Argon?

23. Does not make an ion

24. 8 What is the ion for Sulfur?

25. S-2

26. 9 What is the ion for Phosphorus?

27. P-3

28. 10 What is the ion for Neon?

29. Does not make an ion

30. 11 Do groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table become positive or negative ions?

31. Positive

32. 12 Does group 8 of the periodic table become a positive or negative ion?

33. No ion, noble gases

34. 13 Do groups 6 and 7 lose or gain electrons when they become ions?

35. gain

36. 14 How does group number relate to electrons in the outer shell?

37. The same

38. 15 What is the octet rule? A) Each atom wants to get 8 protons in the outer shell B) Each atom wants to be like the closest noble gas C) Each atom wants to become unstable D) Each atom wants equal numbers of protons and electrons

39. B

40. 16 Give the name of an element that can give the right number of electrons to Chlorine. Hint: How many electrons does chlorine want?

41. Any Group 1 element

42. 17 Give the name of an element that can give Oxygen the right number of electrons. Hint: How many electrons does Oxygen want?

43. Any group number 2

44. 18 Name an element that can take the right number of electrons from Beryllium

45. Any group number 6 element

46. 19 Name an element that can take the right number of electrons from Sodium

47. Any group number 7 element

48. 20 What type of bonding occurs when one atom takes electrons from another?

49. Ionic

50. 21 What type of bonding occurs when atoms share electrons?

51. Covalent

52. 22 Name an atom that will form and ionic bond with Lithium

53. Any group 7 element

54. 23 Why don’t noble gases form ionic bonds?

55. Complete outer shell

56. 24 Name an element that will form an ionic bond with Oxygen

57. Any group 2 element

58. 25 Name an element that would require 2 atoms to form an ionic bond with Sulfur

59. Any group 1 element