1. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web Copyright © 2000 Representing and Transforming Model-Based Information Shawn Bowers and Lois Delcambre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oregon Graduate Institute

2. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 2 Model-Based Information and Tools XML DB XML Viewer SQL TM Browser Painting Painter by painter Influenced by mentionedbiographymentionedcritiqued

3. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 3 Our Goals Represent information generically, for various models Convert information from one representation scheme to another

4. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 4 Transforming Information Generic Rep. (XML model) Generic Rep. (XML model) convert Generic Rep. (Topic Map model) XML DB XML Viewer SQL TM Browser Painting Painter by painter Influenced by mentionedbiographymentionedcritiqued convert Generic Rep. (Relational model)

5. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 5 Our Approach Metamodel –to represent multiple data models Generic Representation Scheme –to store model, schema, and instances for model- based information Mapping Formalism –to transform between representation schemes

6. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 6 The Metamodel Provides a level of abstraction above models Describes the structural features of models Topic Map Topic Map Defintions Topic Map Instances XML DTD XML Document Basic Set of Abstractions Model Constructs and Relationships Schema-Level Data Instance-Level Data Metamodel

7. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 7 XML Model, Schema, and Instance Elements, Element Types, Attributes, Attribute Types Elements contain Attributes Elements can be nested PDX YVR $213.84... XML Model XML DTD (Schema) XML Document (Instances) Model constructs and relationships defined using the metamodel

8. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 8 Topic Map Example Painting Painter by painter Influenced by “Captive” “Paul Klee” by painter influenced by “Francisco de Goya” “1914” by painter mentioned biography mentioned http://... biography http://... critiqued mentioned http://...

9. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 9 Topic Map Model in UML TopicType ttypename : String TopicRelType relType : String AnchorType anchorRole : String TopicInstance title : String topicInsID : Number TopicRelInst AnchorInst > Address markID : String * * * * * *1 1 111 1 > topic_instOf > rel_instOf > anchor_instOf address topicIns topicType 11 ** topic Type1 topic Type2 11 ** topic Ins1 topic Ins2

10. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 10 Generic Representation We use RDF and RDF Schema to represent model, schema, and instance uniformly http://…/~john creator (creator, ‘http://…/~john’, person1) (name, ‘person1’, ‘John Smith’) Class Property creator type Person WebPage type domain range (type, ‘creator’, Property) (domain, ‘creator’, WebPage) (range, ‘creator’, Person) (type, ‘Person’, Class) (type, ‘WebPage’, Class) person1 ‘John Smith’ name RDF Triples RDF Graph RDF Schema Triples RDF Schema Graph

11. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 11 Representing Models (instanceOf, “TopicType”, Construct) (instanceOf, “TopicInstance”, Construct) (instanceOf, “topic_instOf”, Conformance) (domain, “topic_instOf”, TopicInstance) (range, “topic_instOf”, TopicType) (domainMult, “topic_instOf”, “*”) (rangeMult, “topic_instOf”, “1”) (instanceOf, “ttypename”, Connector) (domain, “ttypename”, TopicType) (range, “ttypename”, String) (domainMult, “ttypename”, “*”) (rangeMult, “ttypename”, “1”) TopicType ttypename : String TopicInstance * 1 > topic_instOf

12. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 12 Representing Schema (instanceOf, “painting_tt”, TopicType) (ttypename, “painting_tt”, “painting”) (instanceOf, “painter_tt”, TopicType) (ttypename, “painter_tt”, “painter”) (instanceOf, “byPainter_rt”, TopicRelType) (relType, “byPainter_rt”, “by painter”) (topicType1, “byPainter_rt”, painting_tt) (topicType2, “byPainter_rt”, painter_tt) (instanceOf, “biography_at”, AnchorType) (anchorRole, “biography_at”, “biography”) (topicType, “biography_at”, painter_tt) Topic Types (schema): painting, painter Topic Rel Types (schema): by painter Anchor Types (schema): biography painting painter by painter biography

13. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 13 Representing Instances (instanceOf, “painter1”, TopicInstance) (title, “painter1”, “Paul Klee”) (topicInsID, “painter1”, “5”) (topic_instOf, “painter1”, painter_tt) (instanceOf, “painting1”, TopicInstance) (title, “painting1”, “Captive”) (topicInsID, “painting1”, “19”) (topic_instOf, “painting1”, painting_tt) (instanceOf, “byPainter1”, TopicRelInst) (rel_instOf, “byPainter1”, byPainter_rt) (topicIns1, “byPainter1”, painting1) (topicIns2, “byPainter1”, painter1) (instanceOf, “biography1”, AnchorInst) (anchor_instOf, “biography1”, biography_at) (address, “biography1”, a1) (instanceOf, “a1”, Address) (markID, “a1”, “URLMarkManager@954308545”) Topic (instances): Paul Klee, Captive Topic Relationship (instance): a by painter relationship Anchor (instance): a biography anchor Address (instance): mark to URL

14. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 14 Basic Types of Mappings Mapped Converted Inter-Model Inter-Schema Model-to-Schema Model 2 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 2 Instances 1 Model 2 Schema 2 Instances 2 Mapped

15. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 15 S(‘source’,  (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘TopicInstance’))  S(‘target’,  (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘XMLElem’)) XMLElem TopicInstance Mapped Mapping Rules Simple production rules over triples

16. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 16 Mapping Rules (cont.) XMLElem TopicInstance XMLElemType TopicType Mapped elem_instOf topic_instOf S(‘source’,  (‘topic_instOf’, X, Y)) S(‘target’,  (‘instanceOf’, X, ‘XMLElem’)) S(‘target’,  (‘instanceOf’, Y, ‘XMLElemType’))  S(‘target’,  (‘elem_instOf’, X, Y))

17. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 17 Conclusion Metamodel –to describe multiple (superimposed) data models A Generic Representation Scheme –to represent models, schema, and instances uniformly –along with a visual representation Mapping Formalism –to convert information from one scheme to another

18. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 18 Context: Superimposed Information Research NSF Digital Libraries 2 Program “Tracking Footprints through a Medical Information Space” NSF Digital Government Program “Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests” Superimposed Layer Base Layer Information Source 1 mark Model Schema Data Instance Data Information Source 1 mark

19. SemWeb 2000 - ECDL Workshop on the Semantic Web 19 Applications SLIM Pad –Scratchpad application with Bundle-Scrap model (uses superimposed information) XML Extractor –“Extracts” XML information and transforms it into a Topic Map for searching/browsing XML Files Generic Rep. (XML model) Generic Rep. (TM model) DBMS Topic Map Browser XML Extractor XML Extractor outmapped stored in