1. Ch 45 – Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
Vocabulary Review
Ch 45 – Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

2. The tissue made of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement
Muscle tissue

3. A voluntary muscle that is attached to the bones and that moves parts of the body
Skeletal muscle

4. The elongated muscle that is not under voluntary control and that is found in the digestive tract, blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles, but not in the heart
Smooth muscle

5. The type of involuntary muscle found in the heart
Cardiac muscle

6. The tissue of the nervous system, which consists of neurons, their supporting cells, and connective tissue
Nervous tissue

7. A nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses
Neurons

8. A tissue that is composed of a sheet of cells and that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
Epithelial tissue

9. A tissue that has a lot of intracellular substance and that connects and supports other tissues
Connective tissue

10. An extracellular substance that gives connective tissue its strength and flexibility; can be solid, semisolid, or liquid
Matrix

11. A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ

12. The area of the skull within which the brain rests
Cranial cavity

13. The hollow part of the body that contains the spinal cord
Spinal cavity

14. A dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration
Diaphragm

15. The part of the human body cavity that is between the neck and the abdomen and that contains the heart and the lungs
Thoracic cavity

16. The hollow part of the body that is below the diaphragm and above the pelvis; contains the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction
Abdominal cavity

17. The hollow part of the body that is below the abdominal cavity that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
Pelvic cavity

18. The bones of a human or animal body that form the framework of the body, support the muscles and organs and protect the inner organs
Skeleton

19. The bones of the skull, ribs, vertebral column, and sternum
Axial skeleton

20. Appendicular skeleton
The bones of the arms and legs, along with scapula, clavicle, and pelvis
Appendicular skeleton

21. A white, double-layered membrane that covers the entire surface of bone except for the joint surfaces, it is richly supplied with nerve fibers and blood vessels
Periosteum

22. The layer of bone that is just beneath the periosteum and that gives that bone its strength and rigidity
Compact bone

23. A channel containing blood vessels in compact bone tissue
Haversian canal

24. A bone cell
Osteocyte

25. Less dense bone tissue that has many open spaces
Spongy bone

26. Soft tissue inside bones where red and white blood cells are produced
Bone marrow

27. An injury in which the tissue of a bone is broken
Fracture

28. The process by which cartilage is converted into bone
Ossification

29. The point at which bones elongate during growth; it is found at joint ends of long bones, is composed of cartilage, and becomes an epiphyseal line in mature bones
Epiphyseal plate

30. A place where two or more bones meet
Joint

31. A joint at which no movement occurs; examples include the joints between the bones of the skull
Fixed joint

32. A joint at which limited movement occurs; examples include the joints between the bones of the vertebral column
Semimovable joint

33. A joint at which a wide range of motion occurs; examples include ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, and gliding joints
Movable joint

34. A type of connective tissue that holds together the bones in a joint
Ligament

35. The transparent fluid that lubricates joints
Synovial fluid

36. A chronic immune system disorder that causes stiff and painful joints
Rheumatoid arthritis

37. A degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of the bones becomes thinner and rougher
Osteoarthritis

38. A multinucleate muscle cell, especially of skeletal or cardiac muscle tissue
Muscle fiber

39. Dense bundles of muscle fibers – groups of fascicles form muscles

40. A muscle whose movement can be consciously controlled
Voluntary muscle

41. A bundle of threadlike structures found within a striated muscle cell and mostly made up of actin and myosin
Myofibril

42. The most abundant protein in muscle tissue and the main constituent of the thick filaments of muscle fibers
Myosin

43. A protein that makes up the thin filaments of muscle fibers and that functions in the contraction and relaxation of muscle
Actin

44. The line formed by the attachment of actin filaments between two sarcomeres of a muscle fiber in striated muscle cells
Z line

45. The basic unit of contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Sarcomere

46. A tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or to another body part
Tendon

47. In anatomy, the point at which a muscle attaches to a stationary bone
Origin

48. In anatomy, the point at which a muscle is attached to a moving bone
Insertion

49. A muscle that bends a joint
Flexor

50. A muscle that straightens a joint
Extensor

51. The physiological inability of a muscle to contract; results from a depletion of ATP
Muscle fatigue

52. The extra amount of oxygen that must be taken in by the body to replenish the muscles’ oxygen reserves and to allow for the breakdown of lactic acid within the muscles, especially after strenuous activity
Oxygen debt

53. The outer surface layer of cells of a plant or animal
Epidermis

54. A hard protein that forms hair, bird feathers, nails, and horns
Keratin

55. A pigment that helps determine skin color
Melanin

56. The layer of skin below the epidermis

57. A gland that discharges its secretions through a duct
Exocrine gland

58. An exocrine gland that secretes sweat; these glands are distributed over the skin surface of most of the body
Sweat gland

59. An exocrine gland that secretes an oily substance called sebum; also known as a sebaceous gland
Oil gland 59

60. The oily secretion of the sebaceous glands
Sebum 60