1. Emerging Research Opportunities in Energy Manufacturing G. Glenn Lipscomb Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo NSF CMMI Research and Innovation Conference Membrane and Module Manufacture Tuesday, 4 January 2011 Atlanta, GA

2. Outline u Membrane Separations u Flat Sheet/Spiral Wound Modules u Hollow Fiber/Module Manufacture u Module Efficiencies u Large Applications

3. Desalination Ashkelon SWRO Plant 100 million m 3 /y http://www.water-technology.net/projects/israel/

4. Desalination Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap; http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10912.html

5. Desalination Wade, Desalination 136 (2001) 3–12 Busch & Mickols, Desalination 165 (2004) 299-312

6. Blue Energy – Reverse ED/PRO http://www.wetsus.nl/

7. CO 2 Capture Pre-combustion Oxygen ionic conducting perovskite type membranes Air Products BP-Amoco-Praxair Post-combustion Polymeric CO 2 selective Membranes MTR

8. Membrane Separations http://www.environmental- expert.com/stse_resulteach_product.aspx?cid=21795&idproduct=32902&codi=32902

9. http://www.egr.msu.edu/~steffe/handbook/fig643.html Membrane Separations

10. http://www.trisep.com/elements/Tech Support/How a Membrane is Made.pdf Thin-film Composite Membranes

11. Flat Sheet Membrane Manufacture Baker, Membrane Technology and Applications, 2 nd Edition, Wiley, 2004

12. Membrane Casting and Coating http://www.gkss.de/institute/polymer_research/structure/geestacht/ equipment/membranes/index.html.en Membrane castingMembrane coating

13. Spiral Wound Modules Case Feed Reject Seal Permeate Collection Tube

14. Spiral Wound Modules

17. “Leaf” or “Envelope”

18. Spiral Wound Modules

22. 6,190,557 Hisada & Nishida, Nitto Denko, 2001. 3,417,870 Bray, Gulf General Atomic, 1968.

23. Hollow Fiber Membranes http://www.matrix-membranes.com/ http://www.appliedmembranes.com/ultrafiltration_uf_systems.htm http://www.microfiltration.nl/hollow_fiber.php

24. Hollow Fiber Membrane Manufacture http://eng.clima.org.cn/Machine/polyster_staple_fibre_production_line/polyeste r_staple_fibre_production_line_84.html United States Patent 6802973

25. Induced Phase Separation CoolingEvaporation RiRi RoRo C d, T

26. Induced Phase Separation Hypothesis: Concentration gradient predictor of pore size and porosity asymmetry Thermal (TIPS) Diffusion (DIPS)

27. Hollow Fiber Modules

31. External Shell Ports Lumen Port Lumen Headspace Seal

32. 5,598,874 Alei et al., MG Generon, 1997.

33. Module Inefficiencies

34. Flow Distribution Effects – Header J. Park & H. Chang, AIChEJ, 32, 1937 (1986). Lumen-sideShell-side

35. Flow Distribution Effects – Bundle Lumen-sideShell-side Variation in transport properties has similar effect

36. Flow Distribution Effects – Bundle Distribution introduces RTD and cross flow regions From shell header

37. packing fraction=0.26, Sc=1000 Shell-side Mass Transfer Coefficients

38. CT Imaging

39. Fluid Introduction into Module Z = 4 cm from dialysate feed port Fiber packing field Concentration packing field S.S. Concentration/Packing Comparison

40. Fluid Introduction into Module

41. CFD Simulations

43. Challenges u Increase membrane line rates u Metallic, ceramic, mixed matrix materials u Efficient counter-current contacting u Linear scaling/larger modules http://www.natcogroup.com/