1. www.csiro.au Community semantics and interoperability: the ISO/TC 211 framework and the “Hollow World” Simon Cox CSIRO Exploration and Mining 6 September 2005

2. Application schema Outline ISO framework for community application schemas Example of process & product in geoscience Some issues

3. Application schema Premise: communication occurs within communities Successful information transfer occurs when parties share a common language This also applies to transfer of technical data How much is “common”?  Concepts  Models and structures  Vocabularies  Encodings

4. Application schema Developing a community language Two purposes: 1.Common understanding of a particular application field. 2.Create schema for data management. Stepwise process: 1.Survey requirements from field of application (Universe of Discourse). 2.Identify feature types, their properties and constraints. 3.Describe application schema in a formal modelling language. 4.Integrate formal application schema with other standardized schemas, (spatial schema, quality schema, etc.) ISO 19109 Geographic Information – Rules for Application Schema

5. Application schema Domain-specific feature types - geology Borehole  collar location  shape  collar diameter  length  operator  logs  related observations  … Fault  shape  surface trace  displacement  age  … Ore-body  commodity  deposit type  host formation  shape  resource estimate  … Observation  time  target/location  property  procedure + operator  result  … Conceptual classification Multiple geometries License area  issuer  holder  interestedParty  shape(t)  right(t)  … “Natural” features Constructed artefacts Artefacts of investigation

6. Application schema Structure of a feature-type

7. Application schema Relationships between feature types

8. Application schema ISO/TC 211- Implementation 19103 – conceptual schema language  Profile of UML 19118 – encoding rules (UML  XML) 19136 – Geography Markup Language  WXS implementation of Features, Geometry, Temporal, CRS

9. Application schema Modelling methodology 1.Get key community representatives engaged

10. Application schema IUGS-CGI “Model and encoding task group” 2003 November – BGS Edinburgh  28 people from 15 geological surveys 2004 April – GSC Ottawa  4 people from USGS, GSC, CSIRO 2004 December – CSIRO Perth  11 from USGS, AZGS, GSC, BGS, GSJ, GSV, GSWA, GSNSW, CSIRO 2005 August – GSC Ottawa  8 from: USGS, AZGS, GSC, BGS, GSV, CSIRO

11. Application schema Modelling methodology 1.Get key community representatives engaged 2.Design using UML class diagrams  use “Hollow World” UML template  includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models  implements ISO 19103 profile of UML i.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules

12. Application schema Hollow-world in UML IDE

13. Application schema Modelling methodology 1.Get key community representatives engaged 2.Design using UML class diagrams  use “Hollow World” UML template  includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models  implements ISO 19103 profile of UML i.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules 3.Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate

14. Application schema Serialization for transfer Specimen test instance Specimen test 1 … chips 0.35 …

15. Application schema Modelling methodology 1.Get key community representatives engaged 2.Design using UML class diagrams  use “Hollow World” UML template  includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models  implements ISO 19103 profile of UML i.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules 3.Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate 4.Link with utility and related packages

16. Application schema GeoSciML – package dependencies

17. Application schema ISO/TC 211- Standard models and components 19123 – coverage schema  continuous data, grids 19107 – spatial schema  geometry & topology 19111 – coordinates & reference systems  influenced by EPSG/POSC 19108 – temporal schema  temporal objects and reference systems 19141 – moving-features schema UML class models

18. Application schema GML Assembling an application schema - GeoSciML O&M/XMML NADM GSV

19. Application schema Modelling methodology 1.Get key community representatives engaged 2.Design using UML class diagrams  use “Hollow World” UML template  includes selection of ISO, OGC and SEE Grid models  implements ISO 19103 profile of UML i.e. compatible with GML meta-model & mapping rules 3.Use hand-coded sample instance documents to test model – iterate 4.Link with utility and related packages 5.Generate XML Schema (GML Application Schema) either  by hand following UML2GMLAS rules or  from XMI using ShapeChange application … “Model Driven Architecture” 6.Publish model and service profiles  Feature-type catalogue  UML/XMI, XML Schema, OWL?, ISO 19126??  Registry …

20. Application schema Issues: observational data Scientific data is different … Property values are often estimated, not assigned  observation procedures and uncertainty  “property-level” metadata mostly 0.35 0.05 0.025

21. Application schema Package of feature types for observational data

22. Application schema Issues: property values You ain’t finished yet … structure is not enough  scales, units of measure required for numeric values  vocabularies/lexicons required for category values  definitions may refer to prototype or exemplar feature instances …

23. Application schema Issues: registration and governance Users must have access to language definition, in order to use data and services  feature-types and lexicons must be registered  community must use an orderly governance process ISO 19135: Procedures for Registration of Items of Geographic Information

24. Application schema ISO/TC 211- Governance 19109 – feature model 19110 – feature cataloging  … a community vocabulary 19126 – data dictionary registers and feature catalogue registers 19135 – Procedures for registration of items  governance principles 19115 – dataset metadata 19119 – service metadata

25. Application schema Summary ISO provides framework for developing application language for geospatial communities  methodology  standard components Elements:  Concepts – feature-catalogue  Models and structures – UML application schema  Vocabularies – ontologies?  Encodings – GML application schema

26. Application schema More info SEE Grid TWiki  https://www.seegrid.csiro.au https://www.seegrid.csiro.au Standards framework for geospatial information  https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/StandardsFramework https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/StandardsFramework Information models and community languages  https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/InformationViewpoint https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosrvices/InformationViewpoint UML & GML  https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmlGml https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmlGml  https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmL2GMLAS https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Xmml/UmL2GMLAS

27. www.csiro.au Thank You CSIRO Exploration and Mining NameSimon Cox TitleResearch Scientist Phone+61 8 6436 8639 EmailSimon.Cox@csiro.au Webwww.seegrid.csiro.au Contact CSIRO Phone1300 363 400 +61 3 9545 2176 Emailenquiries@csiro.au Webwww.csiro.au

28. Application schema Application schemas build on common components

29. Application schema Open Geospatial Consortium Primarily a vendor consortium, Implementation specifications  Service interfaces  Data encodings Interoperability projects

30. Application schema From discourse to data

31. Application schema OGC - Service interfaces (selection) Web Map Service  Fixed resolution maps (styled) Web Feature Services  Fine-grained data access – object-oriented Web Coverage Service  Access to continuous data Catalogue Service  Data/service discovery – metadata Sensor Web  live data, tasking and scheduling  adapt for simulation services

32. Application schema OGC Services

33. Application schema OGC - Information standards & profiles Geography Markup Language Observations and Measurements Core catalogue record Map context  state, data product Styled-layer descriptor Gazetteer profile for WFS  GML implementation of ISO 19112 XLS for Location-based-services

34. Application schema Four layer model