2. Starfish
Invertebrates
Arthropods
Mollusks
Insects

3. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
4 Characteristics that ALL animals share:
Be multicellular – composed of more than 1 cell
Be Eukaryotic – have a nucleus and other organelles in each cell
Be Heterotrophic – Consume or eat food
Have no cell walls

4. Animals carryout 7 essential functions to survive.
Feeding- all animals must obtain food
Respiration- all animals must take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
Circulation- all animals must have a system of transporting oxygen, nutrients and waste

5. 4. Excretion- all animals eliminate waste
5. Response-most animals have nerve cells or a nervous system to respond to stimuli.
6. Movement- most animals have muscles or muscular/skeletal systems for movement or they have a way to move or circulate water for feeding.
7. Reproduction-most reproduction is sexual using haploid gametes

6. Concept Map Animals Section 26-1 are Multicellular have are carry out
Eukaryotic cells
Heterotrophs
Essential functions
with
such as
No cell walls
Feeding
Respiration
Circulation
Excretion
Response
Movement
Reproduction

8. From simple groups of animals to more complex groups, the body characteristics that develop:
A. Cell specialization- animal have different types of cells which have special structures to perform special tasks.
B. Levels of organization - animal bodies are organized to carry out complex functions-
Cells form tissue
Tissues form organs
Organs form organ systems

9. Levels of Organization
Section 7- 4
Muscle cell
muscle tissue
Organ
Organ system
Go to Section:

10. C. Body symmetry, 2 types
1. Radial- simple animals; body parts repeat around center
2. Bilateral- complex animals; body has two equal halves which allows for cephalization and a coelom
Cephalization- sense organs are concentrated near front
Coelom = Body cavity- most animals have an internal space for organs to be cushioned and protected.

11. Figure 26–5 Body Symmetry Complex Simple Bilateral Radial
Section 26-1
Bilateral
Radial
Posterior end
Dorsal side
Anterior end
Ventral side
Complex
Simple

14. D. Similar Early Development –In most animals, zygote divides to form a hollow ball of cells called a Blastula. The blastula develops 3 layers of cells called germ layers
Endoderm- innermost, forms digestive tract and respiratory system.
Mesoderm- middle, forms muscles, circulatory and reproductive systems
Ectoderm- outer, sense organs and skin
Blastopore- hole that will form mouth or anus

16. B. Animals are separated into 2 groups:
Invertebrates- have no backbone, largest group, many phyla.
Vertebrates- have a backbone, one phylum

19. Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates
Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordates
(4%)
Mammals
(8%)
Birds
(18%)
Fishes
(47%)
Reptiles
(14%)
Amphibians
(9%)

21. The Vertebrates
Vertebral Column – (developed from the outer portion of the notochord)
Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone that grows with the animal
Brain encased by skull
Complex organ systems

22. Echinoderm Ancestor
Notochord and Hollow Nerve chord,

23. Classification of the 7 living classes:
1. Class Agnatha – Jawless fishes. Lamprey - parasitic, Hagfish -scavengers.
a. Eel shaped, Jawless, sucker shaped mouth, Cold –blooded, Only have a few cartilage plates in their skull , External fertilization, lay eggs in water, have gills

25. Hagfish
Digests decaying fish from inside out. Secretes huge quantities of slime to defend itself. Ties itself in a knot to get rid of slime

26. Most important evolutionary event in animal history

27. 2. Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fishes. Sharks, skates, rays.
a. Skeleton of Cartilage, Paired fins, Cold-blooded, Tooth like scales on skin called dermal denticles, moveable jaw attached to skull, Internal & External fertilization

28. Great White
Hammerhead

29. Tiger Shark
Blue Shark

30. Close Up of Shark Skin

31. 3. Class Osteichthyes- Bony fishes. Perch, trout, catfish, bass
a. Skeleton of bone, Gill cover called operculum, Body covered by scales, Cold-blooded, Most External fertilization

32. Perch
Goldfish

33. 4. Class Amphibia – Frogs, toads, salamanders. (DOUBLE LIFE)
a. As larva, have gills. As adults, have lungs and limbs adapted for life on land. Reproduce in water & lay eggs in water. Cold-blooded. Have moist skin & usually do not have claws

34. Metamorphosis- Major body change over a life time.
The Life Cycle of a Frog
Metamorphosis- Major body change over a life time.
Section 30-3
Adult Frog
Adults are typically ready to breed in about one to two years.
Young Frog
Frog eggs are laid in water and
undergo external fertilization.
The eggs hatch into tadpoles a few days to several weeks later.
Fertilized Eggs
Tadpoles
Tadpoles gradually grow limbs, lose their tails and gills, and
become meat-eaters as they develop into terrestrial adults.

35. Tree Frog
Southern Toad

36. 4 toed salamander
Marbled Salamander

37. 5. Class Reptilia- Snakes, lizards, turtles, and alligators.
a. Reproduce on land by laying leathery eggs. The amniotic egg makes reptiles the first group to be well adapted to life on land. Dry, scaly skin with claws on the toes. Well-developed lungs. Cold-blooded

38. Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake

39. Snapping Turtle
Gopher Tortoise

42. 6. Class Aves- Birds.
a. Have feathers and bodies adapted for flight: Hollow or partly hollow bones, Lungs & Air Sacs, Large Chest Muscles. Reproduce by laying eggs with calcium shell. Warm-blooded.

43. American Bald Eagle

46. 7. Class Mammalia – Mammals.
a. Most young develop internally and are nursed after birth on milk created by mammary glands. Most have fur or hair at some time during their lives. Well-developed brain. Warm-blooded

49. Hard Shells
Fur & Milk Glands
Amniotic Egg
Lungs
Bony Skeleton
jaws
Brain Encased Skull