1. The Circulatory System

2. Function It’s main function is Transportation
Blood is used as a transport vehicle
transports oxygen, nutrients, cell waste (such as Carbon dioxide), hormones and antibodies vital to maintaining homeostasis to and from cells

3. Parts of the Circulatory System
Divided into three major parts:
The Heart
The Blood Vessels
The Blood

4. The Major Organ-The Heart
Heart acts as pump
The heart pumps beats per minute (at rest)
At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.
During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

5. Structure Size of your fist Large organ composed of
cardiac muscle--called myocardium
Enclosed by a sac –called PERICARDIUM
rich in mitochondria
4 hollow chambers
Contain valves to keep blood flowing in ONE direction

6. The pathway looks like a circle
The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system.

7. The Chambers The heart has 4 hollow chambers
Upper chambers – atrium receives blood coming in from the veins
Left & right Atrium
Lower chambers - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries
Left & right ventricle

9. Double Pump
The two ventricles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart
Each chamber pumps blood out of the heart but to different pathways
That is why the heart is considered to be a double pump

10. 3 Kinds of Circulation: Pulmonary circulation Coronary circulation
Systemic circulation

11. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again

12. Pulmonary Circulation Pathway
1. The right Atria receives oxygen poor blood from the body.
2. blood moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped out to the lungs via pulmonary arteries
3. O₂ is exchanged for CO₂
4. Oxygen rich blood now leaves lungs and returns to the heart

13. sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html

14. THIS IS THE LARGEST PATHWAY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!
Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart and lungs
THIS IS THE LARGEST PATHWAY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!

15. Systemic Circulation Pathway
Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs now enters the left atrium
Moves through the valves to the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood out the Aorta
The blood is then carried from aorta to blood vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to ALL tissues of the body
Blood returns (oxygen poor) back to right atria

17. Coronary Circulation
Coronary arteries branch immediately off the aorta and provide blood to the heart tissue

20. Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

21. Arteries Carry blood AWAY from the heart Heart pumps blood
Main artery called the aorta
Aorta divides and branches
Many smaller arteries
Each region of your body has system of arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.

22. Capillaries Very thin Only one cell thick Connect arteries & veins
Food and oxygen released to the body cells
Carbon dioxide and other waste products returned to the bloodstream

23. Veins Carry blood to the heart Receive blood from the capillaries
Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back to the lungs and heart
Valves are located inside the veins
Allow blood to move in one direction

25. How do the nutrients, gases and such get into and out of the capillaries?

26. Overview of Blood Vessels

27. Blood composition Plasma RBC WBC Platelets O₂ CO₂ Nutrients Antibodies
Hormones

28. Blood
Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.
Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule
Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs
Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)

29. Blood Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
CO2 is a waste product of cellular work
70% of CO2 combines with water
The rest travels to the lungs

30. Blood – RBCs
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs
About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.

32. Blood – WBCs White blood cells protect the body from germs
Attack and destroy germs when they enter the body

33. scienceu.fsu.edu
illus/167i2.htm

34. Blood – Platelets and Plasma
Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
About half of your blood is made of plasma
The plasma carries the blood cells throughout the body
Plasma is made in the liver.

35. user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

36. SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
away
muscular
towards
capillaries
plasma
oxygen
platelets

37. Some Disorders and Diseases of the Circulatory System

38. DISORDERS ATHEROSCLEROSIS Fatty deposits called plaque
Builds up in walls of arteries
Obstructs flow
Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow elsewhere

39. Disorders (cont) Hypertension High blood pressure
Hearts works harder than necessary
Increases risk of heart attack or stroke

40. Disorders (cont) Heart Attack Atherosclerosis in coronary artery
Heart muscle begins to die
Symptoms
Nausea
Shortness of breath
Severe chest pain
IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY

41. Disorders (cont) Stroke
Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to brain
Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
Or blood vessel burst
Can lead to paralysis,
loss of ability to speak
death