1. 西湖国际聚变理论与模拟研讨会 西湖国际聚变理论与模拟研讨会 M. Y. Yu 郁明阳 Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation Zhejiang University Hangzhou 2008.12.26

2. Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Shanghai National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha Institute for Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM), Beijing Jiaotong University, Shanghai with W. Yu, H.B. Zhuo, X. Wang, L.H. Cao, H. Xu, B.F. Shen, Z.M. Sheng, J. Zhang, etc.

3. Trapping and focusing of laser light by small solid cavity targets and ion acceleration

4. Main point Hollow sphere and cone of similar size as the short laser pulse

5. Light pulse becomes a “nonlinear cavity mode”? Trapped light is still coherent! Need definition and analytical theory! Boundary modified by the light pulse

6. Short-pulse laser interaction with matter 1.Electrons strongly driven by EM wave field 2.Ionization of target by pulse front 3.Strong light pressure on plasma electrons 4. Almost all affected electrons driven away 5. Strong space-charge field formed 6. Ions are driven by the space-charge field or Coulomb explode 7.In 2D and 3D: everything also in the transverse direction

7. Ponderomotive force Particles are always pushed to the lower-field region Space dependent

8. Ponderomotive force of light Taylor expand PF is independent of the sign of the charge, and dependent on the gradient of the field energy

9. Nonlinear light-matter interaction initiated by the ponderomotive force (light-pressure force) on the electrons Same form as the kinetic or hydrodynamic pressure force Relativistic:

10. short pulse  large force

11. Trapping of laser light in small spherical cavity applied to ion acceleration

12. Laser pulse Solid density target Cavity Laser pulse and cavity are of similar dimension

13. Laser-light trapping by mircrocavity Cavity is of similar size as laser pulse 70% light energy enters cavity, the rest is reflected Light pulse remains coherent (becomes cavity mode?) electromagnetic energy density ion density

14. Physical process 1. Laser pulse enters the cavity 2. Pulse edge ionizes the cavity surface 3. Light pressure drives out plasma electrons in surface 4. Resulting space-charge field accelerates, compresses, and heats the ions in a surface layer 5. Compressed plasma expands into the cavity 6. High-pressure ion region forms at center

15. electrons ions EM energy

16. TiTi In the plane z =10 EyEy PiPi nini

17. At cavity center TiTi nini Ion temperature

18. Similar to ion focusing in inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) Ashley, et al. Fusion Technology Institute University of Wisconsin Cathode 10cm - 25 to - 60 kV Anode 40-50 cm 100V ac @ 245kHz A neutron Source

19. Not the same as hohlraum Our micron sized cavity is much smaller than 1 mm EM waves inside is not coherent

20. Focusing of laser light by small hollow cone applied to ion acceleration

21. Short laser pulse and hollow cone D = 1  m D =15  m n=10n c  = 25T w = 10  m a 0 = 4 2m2m

22. Laser light becomes a thin high-intensity needle-like spot before defocusing EM energy density in 30 deg cone

23. Nonlinear laser-plasma interacton Electron density

24. Radial profile of EM energy density, as the peak of light pulse passes the left and right openings The light is focused into a tiny spot of 1  m radius, with large intensity enhancement!

25. Can greatly improve the pulse contrast!

26. Percentage of reflected and transmitted light energy Optimum-intensity regime

27. No focusing!

28. Ray tracing with cone wall acting like mirror Poor transmission and no focusing

29. Ion acceleration using cone focused light

30. 2  m, 10n c foil Put a foil target in front of the open cone tip

31. EM energy density ion density a 0 = 4 Mono-energetic ion bunch

32. Ion energy density (only the highest- density parts are shown)

33. Explains why a cone guide leads to better emission (electron heating) R. Kodama et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, 276 (2004) 2.45-MeV thermal neutrons

34. 謝謝！

35. Intense (>10 20 watt/cm 2 ) short-pulse (  10 -15 s) laser interaction with matter Short pulse (chirped) Ultra short-pulse (~ 1 fs) pulse