4. Tunicates “Tail Cords” – over 2,000 species Adults sessile Free swimming larvae; only larvae have a 4 defining characteristics

5. Lancelets “Head-Cords” tiny marine animals retain all 4 characteristics into adulthood Notochord, pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail led to vertebrates Filter Feeders

7. 5 Classes 1st vertebrates, aquatic Generally characterized by scales, fins and pharyngeal gills Exothermic (Ectothermic) – no internal body temperature regulation

8. Circulation closed circulatory system with a 2 chambered heart. Reproduction  reproduce through external fertilization - spawning

9. Jawless Fish Hagfish (Class Myxini) and Lampreys (Cephalaspidomorphi) Lack vertebrae (hagfish) or have incomplete vertebral column (lamprey) Predators that attach to the side of a fish with modified mouth Have no scales

11. Class Chondrichthyes Cartilage fish Sharks, skate, rays and sawfish Primitive Older fish Most have to swim to breathe

12. Bony Fish Ray finned fish ( Class Actinopterygii ) - - most common fish - have jaws and paired fins - fins supported by rays fanning our from central bone Lobe finned fish (Class Sarcopterygii) - fins supported by central axis bone - ancestors of amphibians

13. Walking Fish - Grunion

15. Class Amphibia Frogs and salemanders Aquatic as larvae, after metamorphosis, live on land as adults. Have moist skin with many glands must be moist to breathe; respirate through skin evolved from fish 360 mya exothermic

16. Circulation Amphibians have a double-loop circulatory system with three-chambered heart. Reproduction Fertilization is external Shell-less eggs must be laid and fertilized in water

18. Class Reptilia Include 3 groups: snakes, turtles, crocodiles Fully adapted to life on land  Amniotic egg  scaly skin (prevents loss of moisture)  Exothermic - regulate their body temperatures by basking in the sun, burrowing in the ground. Soaking in water etc…

19. Circulation more efficient circulatory and respiratory systems (lungs, 3 chambered heart). Reproduction internal fertilization Lay fluid filled amniotic egg covered with a protective shell

21. Class Aves Most are adapted for flight Covered with feathers hollow bones 2 legs for walking, 2 modified for wings Birds are endothermic - generate body heat internally by their own metabolism.

22. Circulation 4 chambered heart; allows for efficient delivery of O 2 to cells. Reproduction  internal fertilization.  incubate eggs and feed young  have amniotic eggs (keeps eggs moist)

24. Fossil evidence shows that birds evolved from the same line as crocodiles and dinosaurs.

25. Class Mammalia Characteristics: hair - insulation, camouflage, sensory device, waterproofing, signaling and defense mammary glands Endothermic

26. Circulation  4 Chambered heart  Require a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis and metabolism  Keeping blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient. Reproduction  Internal fertilization

27. 1.Monotremes - young develop in shelled eggs; Ex. spiny anteater and duck-billed platypus 2. Marsupial - young leave mother’s body to pouch before development is complete. Ex. kangaroo and opossum 3. Placental - young develop completely within the uterus of the female Ex. Human, whales, giraffe etc… 3 Types