1. Announcements Final Exam: Monday, May 9 (10:10-12:10) Open lab next week: Tues. & Thurs. 11-1, HS 204

2. Announcements Final Exam: Monday, May 9 (10:10-12:10) Open lab next week: T/Th 11-1 Robert Wiltzen

3. Graminoid (grass-like) monocots Poaceae (Grass family)Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Juncaceae (Rush family) 

5.  Fruit type caryopsis (grain) similar to achene but ovary wall is fused to seed Poaceae -- Grass Family

6.  In Montana 2 nd largest family: 64 genera, 243 species

7.  Agropyron spicatum -- Bluebunch Wheatgrass also called Elymus spicatum and Pseudoroegneria spicata

8.  Agropyron/Elymus -- Wheatgrass - spikelets held close to stem - spikelets spaced out along spike - ligule and auricles obvious - stems clearly jointed

9.  Festuca -- Fescue

10.  - thread-like (rolled) leaves - loose panicle of spikelets - no auricles - stem joints not apparent

11. Commelinoid (Graminoid) monocot families Poaceae (Grass family)Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Juncaceae (Rush family) 

12. Worldwide Widespread, mostly temperate and/or montane ~100 genera, 4500 species Cyperaceae - Sedge family  Cyperus papyrus

13. In Montana 3rd largest family 9 genera, 175 species (>140 in 1 genus - Carex!) Cyperaceae - Sedge family  Carex utriculata

14. Habitat dominant in wetlands, moist alpine areas, and tundra also in drier areas, both woods and grasslands Cyperaceae - Sedge family 

15. Habit perennial herbs w/ corms or other underground storage Cyperaceae - Sedge family  Eleocharis - Water Chestnut

16. Leaves/stems stems triangular => “sedges have edges” Cyperaceae - Sedge family 

17. Leaves Cyperaceae - Sedge family  leaves 3-ranked leaf sheath closed sedge grass

18. Inflorescences Cyperaceae - Sedge family  various arrangements of spikelets/spikes

19. Spikelets/spikes Cyperaceae - Sedge family  no glumes, often subtended by 1 large (leafy) bract

20. Flowers Cyperaceae - Sedge family  may be perfect (bisexual) or imperfect (unisexual) M & F F M Carex

21. Flower => each flower subtended by a bract Perianth lacking or reduced to bristly scales Stamens 3 Gynoecium 1 superior ovary Cyperaceae - Sedge family 

22. Fruit achene Cyperaceae - Sedge family 

23. Sedges in Montana Cyperus -- Galingale

24. Sedges in Montana Eleocharis -- Spikerush

25. Sedges in Montana Scirpus -- Bulrush

26. Carex - Sedges  - 140 species in Montana!! - vegetative characters typical - diverse inflorescences - flowers unisexual (male OR female)

27. Carex - Sedges  ovary surrounded by a special bract => perigynium

28. Worldwide Widespread, mostly temperate and/or montane ~100 genera, 400 species Juncaceae - Rush family 

29. In Montana 2 genera, ~35 species Habitat Wetlands, often in standing water (Juncus) Moist or dry alpine areas (Luzula and Juncus) Juncaceae - Rush family 

30. Stems round and solid (never hollow and jointed like grasses) Leaves round OR grasslike Juncaceae - Rush family  Luzula

31. Flowers perfect (bisexual), radially symmetric Tepals 6, somewhat showy Stamens 6 Gynoecium 3 fused carpels superior ovary Juncaceae - Rush family 

32. Fruit capsule Juncaceae - Rush family 

33. 

34.  Graminoid monocot families Cyperaceae - sedges triangular solid stems (usually) spikelets florets with 1 bract Juncaceae - rushes round, solid stems flowers with 6 tepals and 6 stamens Poaceae - grasses round, jointed hollow stems spikelets with glumes florets with 2 bracts - lemma & palea (no tepals) 3 stamens, 2 carpels