1. Minerals Identify the difference between a mineral and a rock.

2. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Minerals are inorganic, solid materials found in nature. –Inorganic means not formed by plants or animals. They have no carbon.

3. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Rocks are made of two or more minerals. –Each mineral has unique characteristics that will identify it. –More than 4000 minerals have been identified.

4. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels How do minerals form? 1.From melted rock material inside the Earth called magma. Magma at the Earth’s surface is called lava.

5. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels 2. Evaporation can form minerals. –Example of salt crystals appearing when seawater evaporates.

6. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels 3. Precipitation can also form minerals. Water can only hold so much dissolved material. –Any extra separates and falls out as a solid.

7. Common Minerals Remember there are over 4000 minerals. Rocks that make up huge mountain ranges are made up of minerals. –These are called rock forming minerals

8. Common Minerals Most of the rock- forming minerals are silicates. –Silicates contain silicon and oxygen. SiO2

9. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Gems are minerals that are rare and when cut and polished gives them a beautiful appearance.

10. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Diamonds: Are formed under special conditions. –A form of carbon. –Created under high pressure deep in Earth’s mantle. –Volcanic eruption can bring the diamonds close to Earth’s surface.

11. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Ores: A mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for a profit. –Ores are extracted by mining.

12. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Aluminum, copper, Tungsten, iron, lead, Manganese, Nickel, Zinc, Chromium, Antimony, molybdenum, Silver

13. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Ore Processing: After an ore is mined, it must be processed to extract the desired mineral.

14. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Ore Processing: 1.Smelting: Melts the ore and removes most of the unwanted materials. 2.Refining: Further purifies the desired mineral even more.

15. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels North Carolina ranks first in the east in the mining of gemstones. –Tourists search for emeralds, rubies, sapphires, garnets, and other gemstones. –The largest emerald found in North America came from NC.

16. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels NC leads the nation in the production of many minerals. NC was once a major gold producing state.

17. Minerals-Earth’s Jewels Section Review: 1.What is a mineral? Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite composition and orderly atomic arrangement.

18. Section Review What is a rock? –Usually composed of two or more minerals.

19. Section Review Name five common rock forming minerals. 1.Quartz 2.Feldspar 3.Calcite 4.Gypsum 5.Halite

20. Section Review Name five properties that are commonly used to identify minerals. 1.Color 2.Luster 3.Streak 4.Hardness 5.Cleavage 6.Magnetism

21. Section Review What event must occur for a diamond to reach Earth’s surface? –Volcanic eruption

22. Section Review Where are diamonds formed? –Deep within the Earth’s mantle under high pressure.

23. Section Review How do you extract ores from the Earth? Mining

24. Section Review When is a mineral considered an ore? When the mineral can undergo expensive mining and refinement and still yield a profit.