1. 20 th Century India Rags to Riches

2. Pre-WWII  Had been run by Brits for 200+ years –100,000 Brits controlled 450 million Indians!

3. The Crown Jewel  British East India Company saw India as money maker –Indian Textiles and Spices

4. Benefits of UK rule  Medicine, transportation, communication education and democracy

5. Drawbacks to UK Rule  Loss of culture, 30 million die from crop changes

6. Early Efforts at Independence  Sepoy Rebellion  Indian National Congress (1885) formed Congress Party –Muslim make Muslim League in 1906

7. Enter Mohandas Gandhi  Civil Disobedience  Hindu Nationalist

8. Effects of WWII  Britain used Indian Troops without seeking Congress Party approval –Fuels Separatist Fires…  After the war, UK cost of empire too much…

9. Independence and Partitions  July 16, 1947  Two new states created, Hindu India and Muslim East and West Pakistan –Mass relocation through India… –VIOLENCE

10. More Violence and a Martyr  Over 1 million dead in ethnic cleansings  Jan. 30, 1948 Gandhi assassinated by Hindu Nationalist for supporting partition : (

11. The New Nations and Peace???  Jawaharlal Nehru, a secular Hindu, and Mohammad Ali Jinnah, a Muslim, become the first leaders for each country

12. Walking Through Kashmir… DUCK!  Hindu governor brought Muslim population into India at the partition. –BOTH SIDES WANT IT…WAR! –Still at odds… and NUCLEAR POWERS

13. A Free India  To aid poor, Nehru turns to Socialism –Economy weak, population on the rise… –Tried to help lower castes and Stressed industry –Made movement to counter bi- polar world

14. Indira Gandhi  1966: Nehru’s daughter elected  Population growth hurting economy  Violent Sikh separatists attack –6/84 -Raid on the Golden Temple –500 Dead

15. Another Dead Gandhi  Two Sikh bodyguards killed her in retaliation

16. Another Gandhi, er, Nehru  Rajiv Gandhi, son of Indira, in power  Brings capitalism (and corruption?) –Bombed for economic changes –Irony – these changes saved India…

17. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly  World’s largest democracy  Excellent economic growth  Still split by ethnic and religious factions  Terrible poverty