1. Ch 11 Sec 4

2.  British East India Company arrives in the 1600s  India’s ruling dynasty kept traders under control ◦ Mughal Empire losing power by 1707 ◦ Empire splits into dozens of states  East India Company dominant force until 1858

4.  East India Company dominates ◦ Rule India w/little interference from Britain  Had own army ◦ Led by British officers ◦ Staffed by Sepoys  Indian soldiers

5.  British cherish India for potential more than profit ◦ Major supplier of raw materials ◦ Largest potential market for goods  300 million  Most valuable of all colonies ◦ Crown Jewel

6.  British Restrictions for India ◦ Had to produce raw materials for British manufacturing ◦ Had to buy British goods ◦ Indian competition w/British goods prohibited

7.  RR network made India more valuable ◦ Transport of goods from interior to coast ◦ Agricultural products  Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium  Goods more valuable because of wars ◦ Crimean cut off jute supply from Russia ◦ US Civil War and cotton

8.  Negatives ◦ British held a lot of political and economic power ◦ Restricted Indian-owned industries ◦ Cash crops cause loss of self-sufficiency  Reduced food production causes famines ◦ Missionaries and racists threaten traditional life

9.  Positives ◦ 3 rd largest RR network ◦ Development of modern economy ◦ Unity ◦ Dams, roads, telephone and telegraph lines ◦ Sanitation and public health improve ◦ Schools and colleges founded ◦ Less bandits and local warfare

11.  1850 – British control most of India ◦ Pockets of discontent ◦ Indians believed British trying to convert them ◦ Indians resent racism of British

12.  1857 gossip launches rebellion ◦ Sepoy bullets greased with beef and pork fat  Hindus consider cows sacred  Muslims do not eat pork ◦ Sepoy refuse to use bullets  Thrown in jail

13.  May 10, 1857 rebellion begins ◦ March to Delhi  Joined by sepoy soldiers there ◦ Rebellion spreads to northern and central India ◦ Lasts one year

15.  Indians had trouble uniting ◦ Weak leadership ◦ Serious splits between Hindus and Muslims  Hindus didn’t want Mughal Empire restored ◦ Sikhs remained loyal to British

16.  1858 – British government takes control ◦ Raj – British rule of India ◦ Cabinet minister in London directs policy  British governor-general carries out orders ◦ British reward loyal princes  Honor trade agreements  Mutiny fuels racist beliefs  Distrust increases between British and Indians