1. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Moving to Scale – Nationwide Slum Upgrading www.citiesalliance.org São Paulo, October 16, 2003

2. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Learning From Previous Successes & Failures 50s + 60s  Urbanisation underway in LAC;  Demolitions and forced evictions common;  High rise, direct delivery for few. 70s  Emergence of alternative delivery mechanisms;  Some site and service;  Land registration very limited. 80s  Emergence of citywide & nationwide programmes such as KIP (Indonesia) & Sri Lanka (Million houses);  Concerted upgrading in parts of Africa – Ghana, Senegal, Tunisia and Morocco;  Increasing acceptance of in-situ upgrading. 90s  Move to national programmes in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia; Favela Barrio in Rio de Janeiro;  South Africa moves to scale;  Major policy initiatives - City Summit & Habitat Agenda (1996);  UN global campaigns, Cities Alliance, Cities Without Slums Action Plan (1999).

3. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Current Challenges  Slums growing faster than response;  Urban poverty is deepening ;  Limited policy response in Asia & Africa;  Some positive trends in MENA;  Failure of the project approach;  Central importance of land issues – transparency, tenure & urban periphery;  Limited access to credit.

4. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Current Challenges 2003: CA Survey of Nationwide Upgrading Programmes In 2003, Cities Alliance undertook a survey to identify successful contemporary nationwide upgrading programmes. We studied nine countries: BrazilChile México MauritaniaMoroccoTunisia South Africa ThailandVietnam

5. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Latin America  Most urbanised continent (72% +);  32% of urban poor live in slums (14% of global);  Major focus on inclusion and upgrading. BrazilBacklogBudgetTarget6,6m Not finalised No national target Strengths & Innovations Political will. Strong local govt. and civil society. Innovative legislation. ChallengesObstacles Budgetary constraints. Land availability. Ltd access to credit. Chile77,000 US$ 67m p.a. All by 2006 Long-term experience. Multisectoral Chile Barrio. Savings/subsidy/ credit link. Poor location. Limited access to credit. Limited local govt. participation. MéxicoUnknown US$ 85m - 03/04 170,000 Focus on titling & ownership. New urban upgrading programmes. Subsidy over 3 years. No long-term planning. Limited access to credit. Weak capacity.

6. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Africa  Least urbanised continent (35%) but fastest urbanising;  72% of current urban population already in slums;  Weak policy frameworks & local government. MauritaniaBacklogBudgetTarget120,000 US$ 193m/10 years All in 10 years Strengths & Innovations Clear policy & will. Secure tenure for all. Twize micro-credit programme. ChallengesObstacles Technical capacity. Inappropriate standards. Inappropriate legal framework for land. Morocco871,000 US $ 2.0bn/10 years 770,000 Long experience. Clear policy and programmes. Political support. Shortage of serviced land. Weak local govt. Limited participation. Limited access to credit. Tunisia Tunisia24,000 US$ 111m/5 years All by 2006 Long experience. Backlog nearly removed. Access to credit. Limited local govt. participation. Weak participation. Shortage of secure land. South Africa 2.3 m US$ 589m No new target Political will. Comprehensivepolicy. Strong local govt. Weak private Sector involvement. Limited access to credit. Poor location.

7. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Asia  Most slum dwellers - 554m (60%);  Unprecedented urbanisation over next 30 years;  Progress in East Asia, slow in South Asia. ThailandBacklogBudgetTarget 1.6 m US$ 590 m/5 years 300,000 by 2007 Strengths & Innovations Locally-driven programme. Secure tenure. Strong NGO involvement. ChallengesObstacles Variable local govt. support. Uncertain funding. Shortage of land. VietnamUnknown No budget No target Policy under development. Some standards revision. Co-ordinated donor response. Constrained land markets. Very limited participation. Very limited access to credit. Limited local govt. autonomy.

8. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Essential Ingredients of Nationwide Slum Upgrading PolicyReform LeverageResources  Clear policy & institutional frameworks;  Ensure open & transparent land markets;  Prevent the growth of new slums.  Mobilise non-public sector resources:  Engage private sector as risk-sharing partner;  Slum dweller involvement & investment  Consistent political leadership;  Set long term city & national targets;  Core business: on budget Political Will Will

9. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING Cities Alliance Slum Upgrading Portfolio Completing 2003 México San Salvador Central America Gujarat Current Brazil Slum Upgrading Strategy Bahia São Paulo ChileMozambiqueNairobi India Sanitation CLIFFIranMoroccoCambodiaVietnamBombay/Manila/Durban Pipeline São Paulo ManausCali Dar es Salaam UgandaLagos Central/West Africa Bombay

10. NATIONWIDESLUMUPGRADING www.citiesalliance.org