1. Using BLAST to Analyze Proteins Part 2: Comparing Fluorescent Proteins 2013 Workshop C: Cloning DNA to Make Proteins Dina N Kovarik, MS, PhD NWABR

2. Fluorescent Proteins are Valuable Tools Locate proteins in the cell Track the migration of cells Reporter of expression Sister centromeres (green) mark the attachment of microtubules (red) to sister chromatids (blue). Left: Normal. Right: Drug-treated. Source: http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/2/5.cover-expansion Mice expressing GFP under UV light (left & right), compared to normal mouse (center). Source: Wikipedia.

3. Bioluminescence of the crystal jellyfish, Aequorea victoria Source: http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/shimomura.html 238 amino acid proteins. GFP ribbon diagram. From PDB 1EMA. Source: Wikipedia

4. Rainbow of Fluorescent Proteins Source: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FPbeachTsien.jpg “Drawn” with bacteria expressing 8 different fluorescent proteins Diversity of Mutations  Diversity of Colors “mFruits” mBlueberry (Blue Fluorescent Protein, or BFP) mLemon (Yellow Fluorescent Protein, or YFP) mGrape1 (Cyan Fluorescent Protein, or CFP) Many others, all with similarly ‘fruity’ names…

5. Diversity and Key Mutations

6. Research Questions (1)Is red fluorescent protein (RFP) related to its famous cousin, GFP, or is from a different source entirely? (1)What other fluorescent proteins, if any, are closely related to RFP? The cloning and protein purification experiments you have been conducting in the laboratory involve mTomato (related to mCherry), also called red fluorescent protein (RFP).