2. Madrid

4. 854-1073: Magerit (Arab); old alcázar -> 1734 1083-1561: Madrid 1508: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Alcalá de Henares -> Madrid 1836; 130,000 students) 1561-2003: Capital of Spain 1656: Felipe IV built wall around city (casco viejo) 1738-1765: Palacio Real built (neoclassical) 1919: El metro (Madrid subway) 1983: Capital of Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid 2003: population 2,882,000 (#1 in Spain) Madrid

5. Museo Nacional del Prado (classical; 1819) Museo Reina Sofía (modern; “Guernica”) Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza (European masters) Biblioteca Nacional (7,000,000 volumes; 1860 ->) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (1968) Universidad de Alcalá (1977) Palacio Real (palace, armory, research library; 1738) Royal Opera House (1850 / 1997) Real Academia Española (1713; RAE) Parque del Buen Retiro (central park; 1534 ->) Madrilene institutions

6. Plaza Mayor: 1617-1619 Bullfights, executions, canonizations (50,000)

7. Plaza Mayor; statue of Felipe IV

8. Sabatini Gardens of Palacio Real: 18 th century

9. Plaza de Cibeles: 18 th century for Roman goddess of nature Cybele (Age of Reason)

10. Roma ethnic minority (gypsies); population 500,000 to 1,000,000 3 Romani women in Madrid

11. La Gran Vía (main street… like Higuera…)

12. Plaza de toros de Ventas (25,000)

13. Soccer / fútbol

14. Plaza de Neptuno; Basílica de San Jerónimo (1499); El Prado

15. El Prado

16. Statue of Carlos V

17. Main hall (galería) on second floor (primera planta)

18. 1563: El Escorial: palace, cathedral, monastery, art gallery, library; royal mausoleum