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10. Corn and Soybeans Chad Lee Extension Agronomist, University of Kentucky cdlee2@uky.educdlee2@uky.edu www.uky.edu/Ag/GrainCrops/ MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 10

11. Key Points Sharpen Your Pencils Select good hybrids/varieties CB hybrids for late plantings Corn: 30,000 seeds/acre on better soils Soybean, full season: 100,000 plants/acre Fungicides: only when needed Soil Test: soil-applied fertilizers MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 11 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

12. Pick good hybrids, good genetics Would you like to select the hybrids that have the best chance of performing well on your farm? You use 2009 and older data to predict 2010 performance. Does all data do this? FEB 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 12

13. CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 13 Which colors are different? A B C D A > C > B > D Source: R.L. Nielsen FEB 2009

14. CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 14 Which colors are different? A B C D Excessive background “noise” can mask treatment effects. Source: R.L. Nielsen FEB 2009

15. CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 15 Is it real, or is it “noise”? Field research is always plagued by the confounding effects of background “noise” that tend to camouflage the effects of the treatments being evaluated. –Also referred to as “experimental error”. –Background “noise” consists of variability among plots due to other, uncontrolled, often unknown yield influencing factors. Source: R.L. Nielsen FEB 2009

16. BrandHybrid Hyb No. Yield, Bushels/A 20171.9 7179.7 LSD (0.05) 13.4 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 16 Are the yields different? FEB 2009

17. BrandHybrid Hyb No. Yield, Bushels/A Pioneer31P4120171.9 Pioneer31P417179.7 LSD (0.05) 13.4 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 17 Are the yields different? FEB 2009

18. Corn Hybrid Trials, 2008 Hybrid TestNo. of Hybrids, 2008 No. of Hybrids, 2 Years No. of Hybrids, 3 Years Early (112 or earlier)75242 Medium (113-117)68223 Late (118 or later)1152 Total154517 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 18 No. of Locations Reps per Location Total Plots per Hybrid Total Plots, 2 years Total Plots, 3 years 73214263 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

19. Corn Hybrid Trials, 2008 Hybrid Test No. of Hybrids 2008 Within One LSD from Top Mean Yield of Test Top 20% YieldDiff. $/acre ($5 corn) Early (112 or earlier)7571892011260.00 Medium (113-117)7617188197945.00 Late (118 or later)1131731861365.00 Totals16227 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 19

20. Medium Maturity, 2008 YIELD MOISTSTANDLODG TEST WT BU/AC%%LBS/BU BRAND/HYBRID2008 DEKALB DKC65-44 (VT3)202.0*17.999.74.655.7 LG SEEDS LG2625VT3201.4*17.9100.03.055.6 DYNA-GRO 57V05200.6*18.299.94.555.5 CROW'S 5304 VT3200.0*17.199.97.656.0 BECK 6733 HXR199.6*18.498.67.355.4 TRISLER T-8N51RRCB196.6*17.298.05.056.0 CROPLAN GENETICS 7505VT3195.7*18.598.75.955.4 VIGORO V56YR82 (RR2,YGCB)195.6*17.699.77.155.7 PIONEER 33F85 (RR2)195.5*17.699.27.155.9 AUGUSTA A08-06CB194.7*17.499.85.355.9 TRISLER T-9J38RRCB194.4*17.698.35.155.8 TRISLER T-8A02CB194.4*17.299.66.256.1 AUGUSTA A08-10CB194.4*16.998.93.456.1 DAIRYLAND 9116 (GT/CB/LL)193.7*17.399.34.056.0 AGRIGOLD A6632VT3193.6*18.299.74.255.5 WYFFELS W8253 VT3193.3*16.799.85.756.3 DAIRYLAND 9313 (YGCB/RR2)193.3*16.699.34.856.2 MEDIUM AVERAGE188.1 17.599.25.555.8 LSD (0.10)9.2 0.62.30.80.3 Annual Summary 76 Hybrids Total 17 Hybrids within one LSD of top yield in the test. 13 Brands MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 20

21. Do traits = yield? Trait(s) No. of Entries CBLL1 CL1 RRHXHT1 GT2 HX2 HXLL2 HXLLRR2 GTCBLL3 HXRR3 RR23 CB5 RRCB10 none13 VT328 TOTAL76 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 21

22. Shelby County Corn Trial, 2008 BrandHybridTraitHyb No. Test Weight (lb/bu) Grain Moist. (%) Yield, Bushels/A (15.5% Moist.)# Difference (GMO - Base)Sig. of Diff. Ellis Choice31P41Base2061.310.5171.9 Pioneer31P41Base759.010.5179.718.1*** Pioneer31P42HX1RR2160.511.5197.8 Pioneer33M54Base561.810.5167.517.4** Pioneer33M57HX1RR2361.210.7184.9 NK71R7Base1159.710.3187.72.5** NK72Q6CBLL459.010.9190.2 CrowsC4846TRR2YGPL1058.210.2209.425.5** CrowsC4847Base858.310.3183.9 DekalbDKC61-69VT3957.710.8205.3 DekalbDKC63-42VT31458.710.4200.9 DekalbDKC65-44VT31560.711.0211.3 GarstG8348CLLLRW1960.010.9184.511.8** NKN77-3000GTCBLLRW259.811.7196.3 So. StatesSS647VT31358.510.2196.817.8ns So. StatesSS777GMO1858.810.3179.0 ExsegenES518Base1260.010.6189.87.1ns WyffelsW7251VT3660.010.4197.0 WyffelsW8680Base1758.510.6194.33.0** WyffelsW8681VT3RR2YGCB1658.511.3197.3 LSD (0.05) 1.30.713.4 CV 1.64.45.1 Average59.510.7191.312.9 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 22

23. Insects MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 23 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

24. Bt’s for Corn Pests Brand NameEvent(s)Gene(s) YieldGard Corn BorerMon810Cry1Ab YieldGard RootwormMon863Cry3Bb1 YieldGard PlusMon810xMon863Cry1Ab+Cry3Bb1 Herculex 1TC1507 -Corn BorerCry1F Herculex RWDAS-59122-7Cry34Ab1+Cry35Ab1 Herculex XtraTC1507xDAS-59122-7Cry1F+Cry34Ab1+Cry35Ab1 Agrisure CBBt-11Cry1Ab Agrisure RWMIR604mCry3A Agrisure CB/RWBt-11xMIR604Cry1AB+mCry3A YieldGard VT RWMon88017Cry3Bb1 YieldGard VT TripleMon810xMon88017Cry1Ab+Cry3Bb1 YieldGard VT ProMon89034Cry1A.105+Cry2Ab2 YieldGard VT Triple ProMon89034xMon88017Cry1A.105+Cry2Ab2+Cry3Bb1 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 24

25. Insects Controlled by Bt Corn CB’sCEWBCWFAWCRW YieldGard CB+++-+- YieldGard RW----+ YieldGard Plus+++-++ Herculex++ - Herculex RW----+ Herculex Xtra++ + Agrisure CB+++-+- Agrisure RW----++ Agrisure CB/RW+++-+ YieldGard VT RW----++ YieldGard VT Triple+++-+ YieldGard VT Pro++ - - YieldGard VT Triple Pro++ - MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 200925

26. YieldGard RW, Urbana, July 2, 2007: Mike Gray, Univ of IL MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 26

27. MONSANTO, DOW AGREEMENT PAVES THE WAY FOR INDUSTRY’S FIRST-EVER, EIGHT-GENE STACKED OFFERING IN CORN Stacked product combines Dow AgroSciences’ and Monsanto’s insect-protection and weed control trait technologies; product set to deliver greater performance, value and options for farmers INDIANAPOLIS and ST. LOUIS (Sept. 14, 2007) – Monsanto (NYSE: MON) and Dow AgroSciences LLC, a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company (NYSE: DOW), have reached a cross-licensing agreement aimed at launching SmartStax™, the industry’s first-ever eight-gene stacked combination in corn. The agreement is expected to create a new competitive standard for stacked- trait offerings and present an expanded growth opportunity for both companies’ seed brands and traits businesses by the end of the decade. Cry1F + Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 + Cry3Bb1 + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 Roundup Ready 2 + Liberty Link MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 27

28. When is Bt Corn Needed? Bt CB – – Late planted corn – Corn planted after May 5 Bt RW – – Corn following corn >2 yrs Bt CB + RW – – When both of the above is true MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 28

29. Yield Benefit by Planting Date, 6-Year Average Planting DateNon-Bt Tunneling (in) Yield Diff. (bu) Early – Mid April 4/5 – 4/13 3.53.3 Late April 4/17 – 4/30 4.52.3 Early –Mid May 5/6 – 5/13 4.66.6 Late May 5/21 – 5/31 5.79.3 Early – Mid June 6/5 - 6/14 6.520.7 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 200929 * UKREC: Herbek, Johnson, Bessin

30. Bt Recommendations When trying a new Bt hybrid – Try to get the same genetics for the refuge – Plant the refuge such that yield comparisons are meaningful (same date, similar location) MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 30

31. Seed Treatments and Vigor In some studies, a yield bump not due to insect protection Stress related genes turned on –Micro array data –drought tolerance, cold tolerance, and other Does not occur in all situations, not well understood MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 31

32. Seed Treatments, Insects Controlled MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 200932 WWWGFBSCMBCWCRW Gaucho ++++ -- Prescribe ++ -+ Cruiser Ex Pak +++ +- Cruiser EP CRW ++ + Poncho 250 +++ +- Poncho 1250 ++ Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

33. Corn Populations MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 200933 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

34. Corn Yields Our current population data suggests that corn yields top out around 30,000 plants/acre…on good soils. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 34

35. Corn Yields Woodford County 2007 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 35 Year: 2007 Location: Woodford County Farm Hybrid: SS777RR2YGPL Poncho 1250-treated seed Planting: May 3, 2007

36. Corn Yields Woodford County, 2008 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 36

37. Corn Yields Lexington, 2008 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 37

38. Fungicides MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 38 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

39. Corn Fungicides, KY, 2008 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 39 Hybrids DKC63-42 DKC64-79 No-Tillage Small Plots

40. Risk Assessment to Determine Likely Response to Foliar Fungicides in Corn Factors that Increase Risk Susceptible hybrid (primarily GLS) Continuous corn No-till Late planting High plant population and/or yield potential Irrigation Disease-favorable weather forecasted Disease activity at tasseling Field history of disease and lodging More risk Response more likely Less risk Response less likely MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 40

41. AGR-1 Thresholds CropNutrientSoil TestAmount to Apply Corn For GrainP2O5P2O5 >600 K2OK2O>3000 SoybeanP2O5P2O5 >600 K2OK2O>3000 Corn SilageP2O5P2O5 >600 K2OK2O>4200 MAR 2009 41 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

42. The effect of soil pH on the activity of soil micro- organisms, availability of plant nutrients, and occurrence of toxic elements Corn Alfalfa MAR 2009 42 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

43. Nitrogen Deficiency on Corn MAR 2009 43 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

44. MAR 2009 44 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

45. All treatments applied V3-4 MAR 2009 45 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

46. Princeton, 2008 75 lbs N/acre 3/12/08 75 lbs N/acre 3/12/08 150 lbs N 3/12/08 75 lbs N 5/5/08 LSD = 12 bu/acre MAR 2009 46 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

47. Nitrogen Conclusions 1.Sidedress N applications have always been recommended for soils that are not well drained 2.Nitrogen volatilization can be a problem with urea – research result show Agrotain and ESN to be more effective than Nutrisphere 3.High yields can be obtained with relatively low rates of N if applied timely. MAR 2009 47 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

48. Phosphorus Soil Test Phosphorus 42 lbs/a21 lbs/a MAR 2009 48 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

49. Avail Polymer on Fescue (Princeton, KY) http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Agronomy/Soils/ssnv/vol27no3.pdf MAR 2009 49 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

50. Avail Polymer on Fescue (Princeton, KY) Second Harvest MAR 2009 50 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

51. Avail Polymer on Fescue (Princeton, KY) MAR 2009 51 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

52. Potassium Deficiency MAR 2009 52 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

53. STK = 185STK = 202 STK = 235 MAR 2009 53 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

54. 2008, Soybean Study K 2 SO 4 –5 lbs product /acre –(2.5 lbs K 2 O) –3 applications (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 –5 lbs product/acre –(1 lb N, 1 lb S) –3 applications Fungicide –One extra application Single field Split in two Same variety, planting date, seeding rate MAR 2009 54 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

55. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 55

56. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 56 2008 CountyTrt vs. Check (bu/acre) Graves-8 Shelby-7 Marion

57. 2008, Soybean Study K 2 SO 4 –5 lbs product /acre –(2.5 lbs K 2 O) –3 applications (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 –5 lbs product/acre –(1 lb N, 1 lb S) –3 applications Fungicide –One extra application CountyTrt vs. Check Graves-8 Shelby-7 Marion Single field Split in two Same variety, planting date, seeding rate MAR 2009 57 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

58. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 58

59. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 59

60. Total Uptake of Selected Plant Nutrients 2 Qt/Acre = 5 lbs/Acre Application Rate NutrientAnalysis2 qt/a10 gal/acre %lbs/A N11%0.5511 P5%0.255 K8%0.48 B0.2%0.010.2 Cu0.05%0.00250.05 Fe0.1%0.0050.1 Mn0.05%0.00250.05 Mo0.005%0.000250.005 Zn0.05%0.00250.05 MAR 2009 60 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

61. Zinc Photo by: L. Murdock MAR 2009 61 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

62. Corn MAR 2009 62 CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009

63. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 63

64. Soybean Variety Trials MG II-III (Relative MG 2.7-3.9) MG EARLY IV (Relative MG 4.0-4.5) MG LATE IV (Relative MG 4.6-4.9) MG V (Relative MG 5.1-5.9) MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 64 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

65. Soybean Variety Trials, Full Season Soybeans MG No. of Varieties 2008 Within One LSD from Top Mean Yield of Test Top 20% YieldDiff. $/Acre, $8 soy 2.7-3.9481142.546.5432.00 4.0-4.5681343.346.53.225.60 4.6-4.9661942.845.8324.00 5.0-5.936442.450.68.265.60 Total21847 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 65

66. LATE MG IV YIELD (BU/AC) A LODG. TYPE BRAND -- VARIETY2008 07-08 06-082008 MATURITY GROUP LATE IV (RELATIVE MG 4.6-4.9) *PIONEER 94Y7046.61.7 *ASGROW DKB46-5146.542.247.31.4 *ASGROW AG460646.51.4 *PROGENY P4908 RR46.31.5 *ARMOR 48-J346.145.11.4 *DELTA GROW 4970 RR45.940.647.21.9 *BECK 474NRR45.71.3 ASGROW AG490345.542.548.01.4 *UNISOUTH GENETICS USG 74A7645.442.748.01.6 *VIGORO V47N9RS45.31.3 *CROW'S C4820R45.01.3 *DELTA GROW 4870 RR45.01.5 *SEED CONSULTANTS SCS 9479RR45.01.4 *UNISOUTH GENETICS USG 74G7845.01.1 EXP*NK BRAND XR488144.81.2 *SOUTHERN CROSS RUFUS 4.7 N, RR, STS44.61.2 *PROGENY P4606RR44.443.31.2 *SOUTHERN STATES RT4808N44.443.949.21.6 DAIRLYAND 8482/RR44.442.01.5 LATE GROUP IV AVERAGE42.840.847.21.4 LSD (0.10)2.23.82.50.1 68 varieties total 19 within the LSD of highest yield 13 brands 1 not glyphosate-resistant MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 66 ~ not Roundup Ready * Resistant to SCN

67. Soybean Populations Full Season Soybeans: –100,000 plants/acre final stand Replant Full Season Soybeans –50,000 plants/acre (uniform stand) MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 67 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

68. How many seeds are needed to get 100,000 plants per acre? Seed Germ. Rate Target StandSeeds/Acre Assumed Stand LossSeeds/Acre 75%100,000133,33310%148,148 85%100,000117,64710%130,719 95%100,000105,26310%116,959 90%100,000111,11150%222,222 90%100,000111,11130%158,730 90%100,000111,11120%138,889 90%100,000111,11110%123,457 MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 68

69. Hardin County Replicated strips 50K, 100K and 150K seeds/acre 3.9 maturity, full season Bob Wade, Back Forty Farms 52,000 150,000 100,000 55.7 bu/a 53.3 bu/a 55.6 bu/a Back Forty Farms Hardin County full season planting Replicated strips 50K, 100K and 150K seeds/acre 2006 season MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 69

70. Soybean: Populations & Weeds MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 70

71. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 71

72. Canopy Closure MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 72

73. Canopy Closure MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 73

74. Soybean: Populations & Weeds Low Weed Pressure –No differences in canopy closure High Weed Pressure –Lower populations do not close canopy as well Timing –3 + 7 WAP MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 74 Corn Hybrids Corn Hybrids | Bt Corn | Corn Populations | Fungicides | Soil FertilityBt Corn Corn Populations FungicidesSoil Fertility Soybean Varieties Soybean Varieties | Soybean Foliar Fertilizer | Soybean PopulationsSoybean Foliar Fertilizer Soybean Populations

75. MAR 2009CHAD LEE, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY © 2009 75