1. Focus on the Pectoral Girdle
The Skeletal System
Focus on the Pectoral Girdle

2. General anatomical terms to know
Process
Ramus
Trochanter
Tuberosity
Tubercle
Crest
Line
Spine
Head
Neck
Condyle
Trochlea
Facet
Fossa
Sulcus
Foramen
Canal of meatus
Fissure
Sinus

3. Appendicular Skeleton
126 bones
Includes
bones of the limbs (appendages)
Supporting bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles (connect limbs to axial skeleton)

4. Pectoral Girdle forms the shoulder Consists of two bones
clavicle (collarbone)- long bone
Latin word “clavicula” = little key
scapula (shoulder blade)
Allows free movement of upper limb
Sternoclavicular joint – where the clavicle meets the sternum
Acromioclavicular joint – where the clavicle meets the scapula
Loose attachment allows scapula to move freely
Shoulder joint is poorly reinforced by ligaments
Easily dislocated

5. Right Pectoral Girdle - Anterior

6. Right Pectoral Girdle -Posterior

7. The Clavicle Aka Collarbone Slender, doubly curved bone
Acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the thoracic cage
Helps prevent shoulder dislocation
Structures to know:
Acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint

8. The Clavicle

9. The Scapula Aka Shoulder blade (little shovel) Anatomy: Flattened body
Spine (posterior)
Supraspinous fossa – Superior to (above) the spine
Origin of the supraspinatus muscle (rotator cuff) (posterior)
Infraspinous fossa – Inferior to (below) the spine
Additional Fossae:
Subscapular fossa- anterior
Origin of the subscapularis muscle (rotator cuff) (anterior)

10. The Scapula
Acromion process = enlarged end of the spine of the scapula
Articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint
Comes from the Greek word “Akron”(peak) and “Omos”(shoulder)
Coracoid process = “beak”-like process
Points over the top of the shoulder and anchors arm muscles
Suprascapular notch = nerve passageway
Forms a foramen (ossification of transverse ligament) that provides passage way for the suprascapular nerve.
Glenoid fossa(cavity) = shallow socket that receives the head of the arm
Comes from the greek work “glene” (socket)

11. The Scapula Borders: Lateral (axillary) border
Medial (vertebral) border
Superior border

12. The Scapula- posterior aspect
Coracoid process
Suprascapular notch
acromion
spine
Medial border
Lateral border

13. The Scapula- anterior aspect
acromion
Suprascapular notch
Coracoid process
Glenoid Cavity
Lateral border
Medial border

14. Scapula

15. The Upper LImb

16. Bones of the Upper limbs
30 separate bones in each upper limb
Arm, foreharm, hand

17. The arm The humerus – single typical long bone of the upper arm
Articulates proximally with scapula and clavicle and distally with radius and ulna
Proximal features:
Head – fits into glenoid cavity of scapula
Greater and lesser tubercles – two bony projections lateral to the head
Separated by the intertubercular sulcus
Attachment of tendons
Anatomical neck – slight constriction just inferior to the head
Surgical neck – most frequently fractured part of the humerus

18. Features of the diaphysis:
Features of the diaphysis (shaft):
Deltoid tuberosity: attachment for the deltoid(shoulder) muscle
Radial groove- marks the course of the radial nerve

19. The arm Distal features: Lateral and medial epicondyles:
External and internal condyles:
Olecranon fossa: groove that receives the olecranon process of the ulna upon extension of the arm.
Coronoid fossa: groove that receives the coronoid process of the ulna upon flexion of the arm.
Trochlea (medial) articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna.
Capitulum (lateral) articulates with head of the radius

20. The right arm (humerus)
Greater tubercle
head
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical
Neck
Surgical
Neck
Intertubercular Sulcus

21. The right arm (humerus)
Greater tubercle
Greater tubercle
head
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical
Neck
Surgical
Neck
Intertubercular Sulcus
Radial Groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid tuberosity
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Radial fossa
Medial Epicondyle
Lateral Epicondyle
capitulum
trochlea

22. The forearm Consists of two bones
Radius = lateral bone when in anatomical position
Ulna = medial bone when in anatomical position
Radioulnar joints = sight of articulation of radius and ulna
Two bones are connected along their entire length by interosseous membrane
Structures to know: radial tuberosity, styloid process, coronoid process, olecranon process, trochlear notch

23. Trochlear Notch
Olecranon Process
head
Coronoid Process
neck
Radial tuberosity
Proximal Radioulnar joint
Radius
Ulna
Interosseous membrane
Styloid Process (ulna)
Styloid Process (radius)
Distal Radioulnar joint

25. The Hand Wrist (carpals) = 8 short bones
Palm (metacarpals) = 5 long bones
Fingers (phalanges)= long bones
Thumb has 2 phalanges
Each finger has 3 phalanges
Proximal phalange
Medial phalange
Distal phalange

26. Phalanges
Metacarpals
trapezium
hamate
pisiform
Carpals
trapezoid
triquetrum
scaphoid
lunate
capitate
Ulna
Radius

28. Can you identify the following??1. 2. 5. 3. 6. 4. 7. 8.