1. Ethical
Theories

2. Parable of the Sadhu

3. Parable of the Sadhu What would you have done?
Are there any good solutions?
How would we compare solutions?
What is the best way to decide the right course of action?

4. Rest: 4 stage model of EDM
Moral awareness  moral judgment moral intent moral behavior

5. 3 C’s
Controlled
Conscious
Cognitive

7. A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer
A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife.

8. Heinz Dilemma
Should Heinz have broken into the store to steal the drug for his wife? Why or why not?

9. Stages 1 & 2 Obedience Self-interest
Heinz should not steal the medicine because he will consequently be put in prison which will mean he is a bad person.
Heinz should steal the medicine because it is only worth $200 and not how much the druggist wanted for it; Heinz had even offered to pay for it and was not stealing anything else.
Self-interest
Heinz should steal the medicine because he will be much happier if he saves his wife, even if he will have to serve a prison sentence.
Heinz should not steal the medicine because prison is an awful place, and he would probably languish over a jail cell more than his wife's death.

10. Stages 3 & 4 Conformity Law-and-order
Heinz should steal the medicine because his wife expects it; he wants to be a good husband.
Heinz should not steal the drug because stealing is bad and he is not a criminal; he tried to do everything he could without breaking the law, you cannot blame him.
Law-and-order
Heinz should not steal the medicine because the law prohibits stealing, making it illegal.
Heinz should steal the drug for his wife but also take the prescribed punishment for the crime as well as paying the druggist what he is owed. Criminals cannot just run around without regard for the law; actions have consequences.

11. Stages 5 & 6 Human rights Universal human ethics
Heinz should steal the medicine because everyone has a right to choose life, regardless of the law.
Heinz should not steal the medicine because the scientist has a right to fair compensation. Even if his wife is sick, it does not make his actions right.
Universal human ethics
Heinz should steal the medicine, because saving a human life is a more fundamental value than the property rights of another person.
Heinz should not steal the medicine, because others may need the medicine just as badly, and their lives are equally significant.

12. Who cares about my stage?!
Your stage matters!
Problem-solving changes in your 20s-30s
Specific educational attempts to influence awareness
Behavior is influenced by moral perception and moral judgments

14. 3 C’s
Controlled
Conscious
Cognitive

15. Can the 3 C’s explain everything?
Julie and Mark are brother and sister. They are traveling together in France on summer vacation from college. One night they are staying alone in a cabin near the beach. They decided that it would be interesting and fun if they tried making love. At the very least it would be a new experience for each of them. Julie was already taking birth control, and Mark used a condom just to be safe. They both enjoy it, but decided not to do it again. They keep that night as a special secret, which makes them feel even closer.

16. Moral awareness  moral judgment moral intent moral behavior
Can this explain it?
Moral awareness  moral judgment moral intent moral behavior

17. Emotion Cognition
Judgment & Behavior

18. Decision-making Often outside of our awareness
The effect of “primes” in research

19. Moral stages don’t stop dilemmas from occurring…

20. Trolley problem

21. Ethical Dilemmas = Tension
Rules vs. results
Means vs. ends
The good vs. the right
Principle vs. practicality
The needs of many vs. the rights of the few (or the one)

22. The battle between rules, rights, relationships and reputation
Ethical Lenses
The battle between rules, rights, relationships and reputation

23. T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society (ETLW 302)

24. Rights/Responsibilities Lens (duties)
Emphasizes DUTY
Consequences play a minor role
Plato
Immanuel Kant
Focuses on the ideals (whether through Nature or God) that we as people should seek.
Deontology

25. Relationship Lens (fair systems)
Seeks justice and to care for those less fortunate
John Rawls
Deontology

26. Results Lens (goals)
Focuses on individual results, goals and what makes individuals happy.
Adam Smith
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism/Teleological

28. Reputation Lens (virtues)
Focuses on what virtues are valued by the community and that those in positions of responsibility should cultivate. 
The What makes us responsible and
virtuous citizens within our workplace/community?
Aristotle
Alisdair MacIntyre.
Utilitarian/Teleological
Virtue ethics

29. Utilitarianism (GREY)
Advantages
Maximization of the good
“Easy” decision process
Popular
Disadvantages
Measurement
The means
Individual rights

30. Formalism (BLACK/WHITE)
Advantages
Protects the means
Protects individual rights
Morally more appealing
Disadvantages
Inflexible
Impractical

31. T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society (ETLW 302)

32. T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society (ETLW 302)

33. T. L. Ceranic
Business & Society (ETLW 302)

34. Aristotle’s Means of Persuasion
Logos
Values
Pathos
Ethos

35. Student Privileges with Strings Attached

36. So what Lens are you?

37. Why is this important? To understand how we make decisions
To understand multiple positions
To uncover biases
To create powerful and effective responses
To generate options
To make ethical decisions

38. All individuals are morally autonomous beings with the power and right to choose their values, but it does not follow that all choices and all value systems have an equal claim to be called ethical.

39. When in Rome… This makes ethics only a matter of opinion
Denies that we can make rational or objective ethical judgments
No right or wrong

40. “Relative” harassment?
A male manager tells a female job applicant she will only be hired if she submits to his sexual advances.
The manager feels the behavior is fine and the woman feels it’s wrong.
According to the relativist:
Each opinion is equally valid.
Everyone is entitled to their own opinion.

41. Next class
Organizational culture