1. Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development

2. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment (e.g., I won't hit him because he may hit me back.) Stage 2: Individual Instrumental Purpose and Exchange (I will help her so she will help me in exchange.) Stage 3: "Good Boy/Girl" (I will go along with you because I want you/people to like me.) Stage 4: Law and Order (I will follow the rule/order because it is wrong not to.) Stage 5: Valuing Rights of Others plus Social Rights and Responsibilities (Although I disagree with his views, I support his right to have them.) Stage 6: Individual Principles of Conscience Grounded in Universal Ethical Principles (There is no external force that can compel me to do an act that I consider morally wrong.)

3. Heinz’s Reasoning re Stealing the Drug Moral stage Argument For Argument Against 1 It isn’t wrong; it’s only worth $100 & I probably won’t get caught It’s wrong; it’s worth $4000 & I probably will get caught & punished 2 I don’t want to lose my wife; the drug is the only hope I shouldn’t risk myself for my wife. It would be wrong to risk myself for her well-being. 3 Taking it is the only thing for a good husband to do. What would my friends say if I didn’t try to save her? People won’t blame me for not stealing the drug; they wouldn’t approve of stealing.

4. Heinz’s Reasoning (cont.) Moral stage ForAgainst 4 I must steal the drug to live up to my marriage vows. If husbands don’t protect their wives, the family structure will disintegrate… Stealing is illegal. I have to obey the law, no matter what. Imagine what society would be like if everybody broke the law. 5 The law is unjust because it does not protect my wife’s right to life. I have no obligation to obey the law. I have an obligation to respect the scientist’s right to property; it would be wrong to steal the drug. 6 The principle of the sanctity of life demands that I steal the drug, no matter the consequences to me. The principle of justice & the greatest good for the greatest number prevents me from stealing it, even for the good of my wife.

5. Reasoning from class: stealing drug this class, previous class Moral stage ForAgainst 1 (punishment) 5 2 (benefits) 4, 4 7, 4 3 (social approval) 1, 1 4 (law-&-order) 10, 4 2, 4 5 (others’ rights) 2, 4 6 (universal ethical principles)

6. Reasoning from class: stealing drug, officer telling (previous class in parentheses) Moral stage ForAgainst 1 (punishment) 5, 1 2 (benefits) 4, 0 (4, 1) 7, 2 (4, 4) 3 (social approval) 1, 0 (1, 0) 0, 13 (0, 2) 4 (law-&-order) 10, 15 (4, 14) 2, 0 (4, 0) 5 (others’ rights) 2, 1 (4, 0) 6 (universal ethical principles)

7. Reasoning from class: stealing drug, officer telling, jail time Moral stage ForAgainst 1 (punishment) 0, 0, 1 5, 1, 0 2 (benefits) 4, 0, 0 (4, 1, 1) 7, 2, 11 (4, 4, 10) 3 (social approval) 1, 0, 0 (1, 0, 0) 0, 13, 14 (0, 2,1) 4 (law-&-order) 10, 15, 16 (4, 14, 12) 2, 0, 0 (4, 0. 0) 5 (others’ rights) 2, 1, 0 (4, 0, 0) 6 (universal ethical principles)