1. MEDC Tropical Storm Case Study Revision Hurricane Floyd, USA, 1999

2. What do you need to revise? (1) Where? When? What happened? (2) What were the Human, Economic & Environmental effects of the hurricane? (3) What had been put in place to lessen the impacts of the hurricane?

3. Satellite image of Hurricane Floyd, source : eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov/Study/FloydIntro/eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov/Study/FloydIntro/

4. Source: www.newmediastudio.org/.../Synoptic_History.htmlwww.newmediastudio.org/.../Synoptic_History.html

5. Where? When? What happened? Formed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. Formed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. Intensified to a category 4 hurricane as it moved towards Bahamas. Intensified to a category 4 hurricane as it moved towards Bahamas. Slowly weakening, Floyd tracked northwards and hit the US mainland near Cape Fear, North Carolina on 16 th September. Slowly weakening, Floyd tracked northwards and hit the US mainland near Cape Fear, North Carolina on 16 th September. It then moved up the coast weakening to a tropical storm as it entered New England. It then moved up the coast weakening to a tropical storm as it entered New England.

6. Human Effects 79 people died 79 people died 4 million people left their homes in Carolina, Georgia and Florida 4 million people left their homes in Carolina, Georgia and Florida 1 million people lost electricity & water supplies 1 million people lost electricity & water supplies 12,000 houses destroyed 12,000 houses destroyed 150,000 people registered for government assistance 150,000 people registered for government assistance

7. Hurricane Floyd left the downtown area of Franklin, Virginia under 1.8metres of water Source: www.nationalgeographic.com/.../h_img_4_1.htmlwww.nationalgeographic.com/.../h_img_4_1.html

8. Economic Effects $460 billion paid out for insurance. $460 billion paid out for insurance. Farmers lost $1 billion Farmers lost $1 billion Many farmers had to find other jobs as crops totally destroyed Many farmers had to find other jobs as crops totally destroyed 250 roads and many bridges damaged 250 roads and many bridges damaged In Bahamas; boats, hotels and offices destroyed as well as houses. In Bahamas; boats, hotels and offices destroyed as well as houses.

9. Source: docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-511/wlboat.htmldocsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-511/wlboat.html

10. Environmental Effects Beaches & sand dunes destroyed Beaches & sand dunes destroyed Oak Island had 20m of beach blown away Oak Island had 20m of beach blown away 1000’s trees blown down 1000’s trees blown down Severe erosion at Barrier Islands which led to increased flood risk on coastline Severe erosion at Barrier Islands which led to increased flood risk on coastline 14 states suffered from flooding. North Carolina had area size of Belgium flooded. 14 states suffered from flooding. North Carolina had area size of Belgium flooded.

11. Source: www.nws.noaa.gov/.../inland_flooding.htmlwww.nws.noaa.gov/.../inland_flooding.html

12. What had been put in place to lessen the impacts? Prediction & Warning Prediction & Warning - National Hurricane Centre (NHC) in Miami, Florida is a government funded warning service. - Satellites constantly provide data of tropical storm development - Evacuation procedures in place (reduced death toll with Floyd as 2.5Million were evacuated). By June 2000 new highway renovation had taken place to ease traffic congestion at evacuation times.

13. Preparing the People Preparing the People - The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides a free guide with tips on how to protect yourselves, homes and businesses against hurricanes.

14. Building design and regulations Building design and regulations -Many windows and doors are covered with wood and nailed down -Some have storm shutters and shatter-resistant windows -All hurricane prone states have building codes, not everyone follows this though! -In some US states the government is limiting the building of new developments in high risk coastal and river plain locations.

15. Typical questions: There are often hurricanes on the east coast of the USA, an MEDC. Why do people continue to live in this area? [3] There are often hurricanes on the east coast of the USA, an MEDC. Why do people continue to live in this area? [3] Tropical storms have an impact on people and the environment. Choose a case study of a tropical storm. Describe the impacts (effects) of the storm and explain how the effects of the storm are related to the state of development of the country [8]. Tropical storms have an impact on people and the environment. Choose a case study of a tropical storm. Describe the impacts (effects) of the storm and explain how the effects of the storm are related to the state of development of the country [8].