2. Huraca’n / Hurricane Hayley Minner February 5, 2005 Principles of Linguistics Dr. Pandey

3. Huraca’n  Hurricane Taino From the Taino Indians who lived in what is now Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Puerto Rico

4. Word History Huraca’n: where hura means “wind” and ca’n means “center” Huraca’n probably came to Taino from the Maya word Huraken, who was the God of Storms When Columbus encountered the Taino Indians, the word became a Spanish word One of the first human records of hurricanes appears in Mayan hieroglyphics

5. Word Evolution Huraken  Huraca’n  Maya Taino Huracán  Hurricane Spanish word English

6. Other Possible Derivatives Aracan, Hurranvucan, Urican and Furacan. The Spanish letter F in Aragon, Spain was gradually being replaced by letter H of Castile in the late 1400s.

7. Manner of Articulation Word: Hurricane IPA: [ h ŗə kejn ] or [ h ŗ I kejn ] Place of Articulation: [ h ] Glottal – sound produced using the vocal folds as primary articulators Voiceless – when the vocal folds are pulled apart as air passes directly through the glottis Fricative – produced with a continuous airflow through the mouth

8. Taino Although the Taino language and people are now extinct, they left “us” via Spanish, many words which are still used today: potato barbecue tobacco hammock guava mangrove key (island)

9. Hurricane Facts How did naming hurricanes begin? Over 50 years ago, George Stewart wrote a novel, Storm, in which a California weatherman called a storm Maria. When is hurricane season? Hurricane season in the Atlantic falls between June 1 and November 30. What is the average life span of a hurricane? The average hurricane lasts 9 days and is the most destructive during its first 12 hours on shore. A typical eye measures 20 miles across.

10. Hurricane Facts Continued What was the deadliest hurricane? The deadliest hurricane in the United States struck Galveston, Texas in 1900. It was a category 4 hurricane and caused the 8000 deaths. What was the costliest hurricane? Hurricane Andrew was the costliest hurricane in 1992. Damages totaled more than $25 billion in parts of Florida, Louisiana, and Georgia.

11. Word Building Activity Construct words from directions using the letters: HURRICANE How Many Words Can You Form?

12. Hurricane Activity Students will investigate how wind effects the height of ocean waves depending on the shallowness of the water. * Using a baking dish with water and a straw, students will create “wind” over the water in the dish. The waves’ height will be measured and the activity will be repeated with less water, representing shallow water, and with more force, representing wind speed.

13. References Hurricane Lesson Plan. Retrieved 1-31 at www.discoveryschool.com. NOAA/AOML Hurricane Research Division. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes from 1900-2000. 1996-2005. www.aoml.noaa.gov. Potter. Amazing Pictures As Seen From Outer Space. http://hprcc.unl.edu. Wilkinson, J. History of Hurricanes. Retrieved 1/26/05 at http://www.keyshistory.org/ hurricanes.html.