1.
End of Spanish Rule

3. Spain Acquires Louisiana
Great Britain defeats France in the Seven Year’s War ( )
Changed the balance of power in the Americas.
Great Britain gained Canada and all French land east of the Mississippi River.
Spain received New Orleans
France was no longer a threat in North America

4. Spain Closes East Texas Missions
Spain sends Marques de Rubi to investigate the need for missions in Texas.
Suggested that Spain abandon all missions in Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad
Also suggested forming alliances with the Comanches
Suggested that settlers in East Texas move closer to San Antonio for protection.
1773, three remaining missions in Texas closed and the 500 settlers in the area moved to San Antonio

5. Nacogdoches Founded
East Texas settlers pleaded for permission for the families to return to their former homes.
Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed some to settle along the Trinity River.
Crop failure, small pox, and Comanche forced the colonists to move.
1779, Settlers moved back into East Texas and built the town of Nacogdoches, without government approval.

6. Spain Helps the American Colonists
Spain supported the American revolutionaries against Britain.
Opened the port of New Orleans to American ships and supplied weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies to troops.

7. US Buys Louisiana Louisiana Purchase
1800, Spain was forced to give Louisiana back to France.
US purchased the territory from France for $15 million.
Doubled the size of the US
Gave the US a border with Spain

8. Border Disputes
US insisted American territory extended to the Sabine River
Possibly include all of Texas
Spain claimed the land all the way to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana
General James Wilkinson (US) and Colonel Simon de Herrera (Spain) compromised, saying no one would occupy the “neutral ground.”
Became a haven for people trying to escape the law
1819, Adams-Onis Treaty signed
Spain transferred Florida to the US
Boundary between US and Spain set at the Sabine
US surrendered all claim to Texas

10. Americans Migrate to Texas
Philip Nolan
Filibuster
Mustang trader
Spain suspected he was a spy working for General Wilkinson
Warned by Spanish officials to stay out of Texas
`Nolan ignored the warning and was ambushed and killed while on a horse capturing expedition

11. Hidalgo Calls for Independence
Best jobs were reserved for men sent from Spain as administrators.
Taxes in Mexico increased to help pay for wars in Europe.
September 16, 1810 – Father Hidalgo issued a call for freedom from Spain.
Tried to capture Mexico City in 1811
Captured and executed
“Father of Mexican Independence”

12. Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
Wanted to free Texas from Spanish rule
Planned to establish a government in which voters would choose people to represent them.
Republic
Republican Army of the North
First action was to cross the Sabine River and capture Nacogdoches.
Captured Goliad
Magee killed defending Goliad from a Spanish siege
Spaniards involved in the siege retreated to San Antonio
The RAotN, now led by Samuel Kemper, chased the Spaniards and captured San Antonio
Issued a declaration of independence for Texas

13. Disagreements and Defeats
Americans favored a government with elected officials, like that of the United States.
Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, like New Spain.
Americans wanted Texas to become independent or a part of the United States.
Mexicans wanted Texas to remain part of Mexico.
August 1813, the Republican Army is defeated near San Antonio.

14. Revolutionaries and Pirates
French pirate Louis Michel Aury
Captured Spanish vessels along the coast of Texas
Jean Laffite
Controlled Galveston Island
Had aided the American Army against the British in the War of 1812
Captured Spanish vessels in the Gulf of Mexico
Eventually sailed to the Caribbean
According to legend, he buried a treasure of gold and silver on one of the islands along the Gulf Coast, but it has never been found.

15. James Long From Mississippi Filibuster
Objected to the United States giving up claim to Texas.
Summer 1819, Long led an army of 300 to capture Nacogdoches.
Declared Texas was a free and independent republic with Long as President.
Journeyed to Galveston to ask Jean Laffite for help.
Laffite refused
Spanish troops attacked and defeated Long’s army while he was in Galveston.
Long recruited more rebels out of Louisiana and returned to Texas, attacking Galveston Bay.
Long and his troops capture Goliad but were surrounded by Spanish troops and forced to surrender.
Taken to Mexico City and killed.