1. Or AZ…Just the Facts

2.  Arizona became a state on February 14, 1912. That’s why it is called the Valentine State.  The Spanish flag, the Mexican flag, the Confederate flag, and the Unites States flag have all flown over Arizona at one time or another.  South Mountain Park is the largest city park in the country.

3.  Billy the Kid killed his first man in Bonita, Arizona.  More copper is mined in Arizona than in all the other states combined.  London Bridge is in Arizona.  Arizona was a part of New Mexico until 1863

4.  The smallest Arizona county (Santa Cruz) is actually larger than 72 countries.  Arizona has the second-largest ostrich ranch in the world.  The Westernmost battle of the Civil War was fought in Arizona (Picacho Pass in Pinal County)

5.  9,000 years B.C.- hunter-gatherers arrived in Arizona…Possibly.  1,300 A.D. – Anasazi disappear, Hopi emerge  1540 A.D. – Spanish arrive (don’t stay until 1580)  1600’s A.D. – Apache and Navajo arrive

6.  1821 A.D. - Mexico wins independence from Spain  1838 A.D. – Gold is discovered near Prescott…PREDICTION TIME!  1848 A.D. – U.S. wins Mexican-American War  1850 A.D. - The Compromise of 1850 allows citizens of the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide whether they would allow slavery

7.  1853 A.D. The Gadsden Purchase (lookin’ for a Railroad…)  1863 A.D. President Lincoln establishes the Arizona Territory. Prescott is the capital –Can you hypothesize why this might be?  1881 A.D. Gunfight at the O.K. Corral

8.  1886 A.D. – Apache war leader (not Chief) Geronimo surrenders. The Indian Wars are over in the Southwest.  1901 A.D. – The Grand Canyon is connected to the railroads.  1912 A.D. - On February 14, President William Howard Taft signs a proclamation declaring Arizona to be the 48th State of the Union. Happy Birth-Valentine’s-Statehood Day Arizona!

9.  State Motto: Ditat Deus (“God Enriches”)  State Nickname: Grand Canyon State  State Flower: Saguaro Cactus Blossom  State Gem: Turquoise  State Tree: Palo Verde  State Bird: Cactus Wren

10.  State Fossil: Petrified Wood  State Reptile: Arizona Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake  State Fish: Apache Trout  State Amphibian: Arizona Tree Frog  Official Neckwear: Bola Tie

11. 1. What do I find interesting about this picture? 2. What do I find odd or confusing about this picture? 3. What is one question that I would like to ask the photographer or artist?

16. You get to write history…for real “Using everything that we just discussed, create a 1 paragraph historical narrative that explains how and why Arizona transitioned from the first image all the way to the last image.”

17. The seal of the State shall be of the following design: In the background shall be a range of mountains, with the sun rising behind the peaks thereof, and at the right side of the range of mountains there shall be a storage reservoir and a dam, below which in the middle distance are irrigated fields and orchards reaching into the foreground, at the right of which are cattle grazing. To the left in the middle distance on a mountain side is a quartz mill in front of which and in the foreground is a miner standing with pick and shovel. Above this device shall be the motto: "Ditat Deus." In a circular band surrounding the whole device shall be inscribed: "Great Seal of The State of Arizona", with the year of admission of the State into the Union. -ARIZONA STATE CONSTITUTION ARTICLE 22, SECTION 20

18. 1. COPPER 2. CATTLE 3. COTTON 4. CITRUS 5. CLIMATE

20. What is 99% Invisible? Only the coolest podcast EVER!

21. 1. Keep It Simple 2. Use Meaningful Symbolism 3. Use 2–3 Basic Colors 4. No Lettering or Seals 5. Be Distinctive or Be Related

24. 1. Keep It Simple The flag should be so simple that a child can draw it from memory. 2. Use Meaningful Symbolism The flag’s images, colors, or patterns should relate to what it symbolizes. 3. Use 2–3 Basic Colors Limit the number of colors on the flag to three, which contrast well and come from the standard color set. 4. No Lettering or Seals Never use writing of any kind or an organization’s seal. 5. Be Distinctive or Be Related Avoid duplicating other flags, but use similarities to show connections

26. Create your own version of the Flag of Arizona and your own version of the Great Seal of Arizona. You must obey the 5 Principles of Vexillology. Please refer often to your Standards for Success.