1. Chapter 1: Exploration and the Colonial Era 1

2. Journal Write a brief dialogue that might have taken place among the Native Americans observing the European ship. 2

3. Ancient Cultures in the Americas 20,000 B.C. a land bridge exists between Asia and Alaska across Bering Straight 8,000 B.C. temperatures warm -> agriculture develops -> people plant crops in Mexico Ancient American societies Olmec in southern Mexico (1200 B.C.-400 B.C.) Maya in Guatemala (A.D. 250 – 900 A.D.) Aztecs in Mexico (1200 – 1500s) Inca dominate west coast of S. America (1200 – 1500s) Built cities and ceremonial centers, empires, 3

4. 4

5. Native American Societies of the 1400s Hohokam and the Anasazi introduce crops (corn, beans, squash) into American S. West northern Cali = Nootka hunt ocean for whales New Mexico + Arizona = Pueblo tribes grow corn + beans -> live in multi- story adobe houses NY = Iroquois hunt deer and bears 5

6. Common Characteristics Land was not to be sold Extensive trade routes Cultures suited for their environment Natural world is filled with spirits Basic unit of organization = family Birth, marriage, death guided by tradition 6

7. West African Societies of the 1400s 600 – 1600 dominant empires = Ghana, Mali, Songhai Control of trans-Sahara trade Kingdoms of Benin and Kongo Strong govts., powerful rulers, collective ownership of land Importance of family, tradition and belief in one creator 7

8. West African Societies of the 1400s Timbuktu, center of trading network that connects W. Africa to ports in N. Africa Islam brought by traders from N. African traders Portuguese set up trading posts in W. Africa 8

9. Assignment: Ch. 1 Sec. 1 PeopleAchievements Ancient Americans Native Americans West Africans Define and explain the significance of the following: Beringia land bridge, Anasazi, Pueblo, Songhai 9