1. Contraception

2. OBJECTIVES
Identify and describe basic types of contraceptives; including abstinence.
Identify personal considerations that will influence contraceptive decision making.
Practice making contraceptive decisions in a variety of situations.

3. contraception
Definition: The intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures.

4. Abstinence Methods
Of birth control

5. ABSTINENCE SEX Description:
Not having sex (oral, anal, vaginal) at all!
Not engaging in any activity that puts you in contact with bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids)
Effectiveness:
100% for pregnancy and STD’s
How do I obtain this?
personal reasons
make a choice and stick to it
even if a personal has become active you can still decide to become abstinent again for any amount of time that is right for YOU!
Possible side effects:
No medical or hormonal side effects
Some may find it difficult to abstain
May end without being fully prepared
Cost:
FREE!!!!!!

7. WITHDRAWAL – Coitis Interruptus
Description:
Withdrawal penis from vagina before ejaculation
Effectiveness:
81 – 96%
( 27 out of 100 women will become pregnant)
How do I obtain this?
Just do it
Possible side effects:
Sperm can live in pre-ejaculation!
It does NOT protect against STD’s
Stressful to rely on partner
Cost: FREE

8. RHYTHM METHOD Description:
Chart menstrual cycle, temperature, or cervical mucus
Only have sex on ‘safe’ days
Effectiveness:
75 – 99%
(25 out of 100 women will become pregnant)
How do I obtain this?
Fertility Awareness Methods
Professional teaches you
Several months of charting before you can rely on this
Possible side effects:
teens have irregular periods
Does NOT protect against STD’s
Sperm can live in the vagina for days
Cost:
Free mostly, charge for classes and doctor

9. Chemical Methods
Of birth control

10. The Pill
Description:
A pill composed of man-made hormones that stop the ovary from releasing the egg. NO EGG = NO PREGNANCY
Increases cervical mucus to block sperm

11. The Pill 2 Effectiveness: 99% with PERFECT USE
(Typically 8 out of 100 women will become pregnant)
How do I obtain this?
Prescription
Possible side effects:
Nausea, headaches, moodiness, irregular bleeding
Cost:
$15 – 35 a month PLUS doctor fees
Other:
Normal menstrual cycle still occurs
Must be taken everyday
Can be prescribed to help regulate period and reduce PMS

12. Injections Depro-Provera
Description:
Injections taken once every 3 months to prevent the release of an egg from the ovary
Effectiveness:
97%
(3 out of 100 women will become pregnant)
How do I obtain this?
Visit doctor every three months for shot

13. Injections 2 Weight gain, irregular periods, depression
Possible Side Effects:
Weight gain, irregular periods, depression
No protection from STD’s
Cost:
$30 – 75 per shot plus doctor fee
Other:
Fertility can take 6 months to 2 years to return after last injection. Should not be used if you want to get pregnant in 1 – 2 years.

14. The Patch Description:
Apply the patch to the upper torso, buttocks, abdomen, or arm. It last for 1 week. The fourth week – no patch while you’re having your period. The patch delivers continuous levels of hormones though the skin into the blood stream.
no ovulation and thickens cervical mucus
Effectiveness:
No studies have yet been published
thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly
How do I obtain this?
Prescription

15. The Patch 2
Possible Side Effects:
Local skin irritation or rash, vaginal spotting, nausea, headaches, or moodiness
More regular, lighter, or shorter periods
SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE
Does not protect against STD’s
Cost:
$30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees
Other:
You can swim, bathe, and exercise with it on!
Shouldn’t use if you smoke!

16. The Norplant
Description:
Six small plastic rods that contain hormones are surgically placed under the skin of the upper arm. They slowly release hormones to prevent the ovary from releasing an egg.
Effectiveness:
99%
How do I obtain this?
Doctor visit
Takes 10 – 15 minutes

17. The Norplant 2 Change in period $600 - 800 plus doctor fees
Possible Side Effects:
Change in period
Cost:
$ plus doctor fees
Other:
Lasts for 5 years – can be removed earlier
Once removed fertility is restored

18. THE NORPLANT
Some additional disadvantages would be the ability to see or feel the implant

19. The Ring – Nuva Ring Description:
A flexible, transparent, 2 inch ring. Provided women with a month of protection. Inserted by girl in the vagina each month. Provides continuous flow of hormones to prevent pregnancy
Remains for 21 days then removed and kept out for 7 days
Effectiveness:
No studies have yet been published
thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly
figure about 8 out of a 100 women will become pregnant

20. The Nuva Ring 2 How do I obtain this? Prescription and office visit
Possible Side Effects:
The ring needs to be refrigerated to prolong life
Nausea, headache, vaginal discomfort
SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE
Does not protect against STD’s
Cost:
$30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees
Other:
Buy a new one each month

21. NUVA RING 3
Other information: To keep the product’s effectiveness, doctor’s recommend the ring be refrigerated when not used during the 7 days of a woman’s cycle.

22. Vaginal Contraceptive -VCF
Description:
A 2 x 2 film that comes 3 per envelope. A littler thicker than plastic wrap. Contains 100mg of spermicide. Fold one film over your fingertip and insert deep in the vagina covering the cervix. Dissolves within seconds. Insert 15 minutes beforehand – effective for 45 minutes.
Effectiveness:
94%
How do I obtain this?
Pharmacies
Drug stores
Possible Side Effects:
Vaginal irritation
Does not protect against STD’s
Cost:
pack of 3 about $3.99

23. Spermicide Description:
non-prescription & available in a variety of creams, film, foams, jellies, and suppositories. These products are inserted deep into the vagina before intercourse and immobilizes sperm — preventing it from joining with an egg.
Effectiveness:
71 % regular use 85% perfect use
How do I obtain this?
family planning clinics, drugstores, and some supermarkets.
Possible Side Effects:
irritation of vagina or penis
Messy and leak
Cost:
Applicator kits of foam and gel are about $8. Refills cost $4–$8.

24. Emergency Contraception “The Morning After Pill”
Description:
First used in the 1960’s for rape victims. Only used in emergency situations. Two pills of high dose birth control hormones are taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Then two more pills are taken 12 hours later. They stop the release of an egg, prevent fertilization, or prevent implantation.
New reports say up to 120 hours (5 days) for 89% effectiveness
The faster you act the greater it works
Called Plan B
Effectiveness:
94%

25. Emergency Contraceptive 2
How do I obtain this?
Prescribed by health care professional
Health clinics
Possible Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, headache
Cost:
$20 – 200 (average pill $55)
Pills, exam, & pregnancy test
Other:
Its not fool proof – it only reduces risk of pregnancy by %
Increases risk for ectopic pregnancy

26. Mechanical Methods
Of birth control

27. Condom
Description:
Unrolled and placed over an erect penis. It prevents semen from entering the vagina. The pocket at the end collects the semen. The tip of the condom must be held after intercourse so that the condom doesn’t slip off when the penis is withdrawn.
Effectiveness:
85 – 99%
Typical use 15 out of 100 will become pregnant
Perfect use about 2 in 100 will become pregnant

28. Condom 2 Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy
How do I obtain this?
Drug stores, supermarkets, online
Easy to buy
Possible Side Effects:
sensitivity to latex
it can break or leak
can not be used with oil based lubricants
Cost:
35 cents - $1
Usually free at clinics
Other:
Can only be used once
Look for latex, spermicide, nonoxyol9, and expiration date.
Nonoxyol 9 offers some protection against STD’s

30. Female Condom
Description:
Made of polyurethane. Lines the inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Prevents sperm from reaching the cervix.
Effectiveness:
79 – 85%
Typical use 21 out of 100 will become pregnant
Perfect use about 5 in 100 will become pregnant

31. Female Condom 2 Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy
How do I obtain this?
Drug stores, supermarkets, online
Easy to buy
Possible Side Effects:
sensitivity to latex
it can break or leak
can not be used with male condom
irritate vagina
Cost:
$2 – 2.50
Usually free at clinics
Other:
Can be inserted up to 8 hours ahead of time, but need to be taken out right away after intercourse.

33. Diaphragm
Description:
A rubber cap that fits inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Must be used with spermicide.
Effectiveness:
PERFECT USE – 98%
Usually has – 82% failure rate is use
How do I obtain this?
Doctor
Need pelvic exam for size

34. Diaphragm 2 sensitivity to latex bladder infections Cost:
Possible Side Effects:
sensitivity to latex
bladder infections
Cost:
$30 – 50 plus spermicide, exam, and fitting.
Other:
Can be inserted up to 2 hours beforehand. Leave in place for 6 hours afterwards.
Replace every two years.

36. Sponge
Description:
Soft sponge inserted in the vagina and covers the cervix. It contains 3 types of spermicide. Moistened with water and activates immediately. Offers protection for 24 hours.
Effectiveness: 89 – 91%
How do I obtain this?
Pharmacies
Online

37. Sponge 2 Allergy Irritation TSS (toxic shock syndrome)
Possible Side Effects:
Allergy
Irritation
TSS (toxic shock syndrome)
Difficult to insert and remove
Cost:
$1.65 – 2.00

39. Intrauterine Device IUD
Description:
Small plastic or copper device treated with hormones. Two theories how it works: 1. causes uterus to inflame and prevents implantation 2. interferes with sperms ability to reach egg.
Effectiveness:
95 – 99%
How do I obtain this?
Doctor
2 appointments

40. IUD 2 Does not protect against STD’s
Possible Side Effects:
Does not protect against STD’s
Spotting, heavier periods, increased cramping
Expel of IUD 2 – 10% expel IUD in 1st year
Pelvic Inflammatory diseases
Cost:
$400 every 4 years, plus doctors visit and removal costs
Other:
Not recommended for young women or women who haven’t had children yet.
If you become pregnant while the IUD is in the uterus – you have a 50% chance of having a miscarriage.

42. PERMANENT METHODS
Of birth control

43. Vasectomy
Description:
Local painkiller. Two small cuts are made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are cut and sealed with heat so scar will grow to block. The cuts are then stitched closed.
Effectiveness:
99%
Less than 1 woman in 1,000 will become pregnant
How do I obtain this?
Doctor
MINOR surgery

44. Vasectomy 2 Uncomfortable for 2 – 3 days Does not protect from STD’s
Possible Side Effects:
Uncomfortable for 2 – 3 days
Does not protect from STD’s
Takes 6 months for all sperm to be cleared
Cost:
$350 – 755 plus doctors visits

45. Tubal Ligation
Description:
A small cut is made near the belly button, the stomach is filled with gas, the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed. The cut is stitched closed.
Effectiveness:
99%
Less than 1 woman in 100 will become pregnant
How do I obtain this?
Doctor
Surgery  can be done after childbirth

46. Tubal Ligation 2 Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
Possible Side Effects:
Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
Can be reversed – its complicated, expensive, and might not work
Does not protect from STD’s
Several days of PAIN
Internal infection
Bleeding
Anesthesia risk
Cost:
$1,200 – 2,500 plus doctors visits
Other:
Ovulation and menstrual cycle still occur
You can get this done as early as 1 day after giving birth