1. Equality Policies. Men and Women in Spain TCA “With Another Look” 06-20-2006 Seminar CALIOPE: QUALITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN EMPLOYMENT POLICIES

2. Objectives To promote Equality To promote Equality To fight against Discrimination To fight against Discrimination

3. Empowerment Empowerment To value the social and economic presence of women Labour Market Labour Market Promotion of Equality Political participation Political participation Active citizenship Active citizenship Education Education

4. Education Women’s level of education evolution (1982-2006) 198220022006 Illiterate72,8569,1968,50 High School Education46,9347,8850,26 Undergraduate Degrees30,5547,8150,35 Graduate DegreesNo data34,1133,39

5. Women 19801990200020042006 Activity Rate27,734,241,25747,47 Employment Rate24,325,832,848- Unemployment Rate12,424,420,41512,22 Evolution of activity, employment, and unemployment in Spain (1980-2006) Labour Market Men 19801990200020042006 Activity Rate74,268,366,367,668,93 Employment Rate 66,360,260,062,2 - Unemployment Rate 10,611,99,58,06,81

6. Participation Government 19822006 0%50% Congress 19822006 4,57%64% Senate 19822006 4,35%74,9%

7. Judicial Power 19822006 0%10% Constitutional Court: President Other spaces: Women college/university professors 19822006 24,07%34,25% University: 4 Chancellors out of 73 universities 20042005 Presidents Vice-presidents Advisors Board secretaries 5,41% 2,56 2,88 0 0% 2,50 2,32 0 Other spaces: Women in IBEX 35 companies

8. Active Citizenship  Lobby, Women’s Councils  Women’s Associations (professionals, businesswomen, feminists)  Women’s networks

9. How Constitution 1978 Art. 4 Art. 9.2 Equality Organizations Action Plans (all levels) Equality Law Impact Law Framework Strategy Education Employment Mainstreaming Gender Units (Autonomous Region’s Governments and ministerial departments)

10. Fight against Discrimination Women under risk and exclusion situations Women under risk and exclusion situations  W ith disability  Inmigrants  Ethnic minorities  Heads of households  Violence victims  45 years and older  Long term unemployed, inmates, drug addicts, etc.

11. How Constitution 1978 Art. 4 Art. 9.2 Equality Organizations Action Plans (all levels) Violence Law Personal Autonomy Law Specific laws Framework Strategy Education Employment Social Policies Health Mainstreaming Introduction of a gender perspective in all cross curricula topics and specific topics.

12. EVOLUTION OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN POLICIES AND APPLICATION SPHERE INTERNATIONAL UNITED NATIONS EUROPEAN UNION SPAIN I WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, MEXICO 1975 WOMEN’S DECADE 1975 - 1985 II WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, COPENHAGEN 1980 III WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, NAIROBI 1985 I COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMME 1982- 1985 CREATION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AND MEN 1983 CREATION OF THE INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN 1983 II COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMME 1986 - 1990 I PLAN FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 1988 - 1990 IV WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, BEIJING 1995 III COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMME 1991 - 1995 II PLAN FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 1993 - 1995 UNITED NATIONS FULL SESSION BEIJING + 5 COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK STRATEGY ON GENDER EQUALITY 2001 - 2005 III PLAN FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 1997 – 2000 UNITED NATIONS FULL SESSION BEIJING + 10 EUROPEAN INSTITUTE FOR GENDEER EQUALITY ROADMAP FOR THE EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 2006 - 2010 IV PLAN FOR EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN 2001 – 2006 ORGANIC LAW ON EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN BILL

13. EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS POLÍTICAS DE IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES ENTRE MUJERES Y HOMBRES Y ÁMBITO DE APLICACIÓN EN ESPAÑA CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AUTONOMOUS REGION’S ADMINSTRATION LOCAL ADMINISTRATION CREACIÓN DEL INSTITUTO DE LA MUJER 1983 I PLAN PARA LA IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES PARA LAS MUJERES 1988 - 1990 II PLAN PARA LA IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES PARA LAS MUJERES 1993 - 1995 III PLAN PARA LA IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES ENTRE MUJERES Y HOMBRES 1997 – 2000 IV PLAN PARA LA IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES ENTRE MUJERES Y HOMBRES 2001 – 2006 SECRETARIA GENERAL DE POLÍTICAS DE IGUALDAD (2004) DELEGACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO CONTRA LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO (2205) ANTEPROYECTO DE LEY ORGANICA DE IGUALDAD ENTRE MUJERES Y HOMBRES GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: 1986-CANTABRIA 2003- LA RIOJA SECRETARIATS AND AGENCY FOR WOMEN’S PROMOTION GENERAL OR REGIONAL DIRECTORSHIP INSTITUTES FOR WOMEN. EQUALITY PLANS DEVELOPMENT EQUALITY LAWS (NAVARRA, CASTILLA AND LEON, VALENCIA, GALICIA, BASQUE COUNTRY) TRANSVERSAL GENDER UNITS: CANTABRIA, ANDALUSIA. DEPARTMENTAL GENDER UNITS: BASQUE COUNTRY. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: WOMEN’S COUNCILS, OTHERS. (SINCE THE 90’S) EQUALITY PLANS DEVELOPMENT

14. Final Insights Equality impregnates the political class. Follow up process and instrument impact evaluation. Ideological differences in the discourse: different instruments. European sphere: tends to blur due to the concept of diversity.