1. Chinese Revolution

2. Past Chinese Governments Dynasties since 1994 BC- Xia Emperor has absolute power Qing Dynasty- 1664-1911 was current dynasty until revolution -Empress Dowager Longyu Qing Dynasty Flag

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4. Problems in China Social/economic - Population increase, yet land shortage. -Most of the population could not pay taxes. -Government spent much of the little tax they collected -People could not legally move out of China, yet there were no industrial jobs for them -Peasants could not pay taxes and rebelled

5. Problems in China Political- -Weak Empress Dowager Longyu had absolute power -Government positions being sold -Government officials took bribes -Heavy taxes that could not be paid Military -Soldiers lost loyalty -Low pay

6. Goals of the Revolution Overthrow Qing Dynasty; A republic Equal land distribution Better education- girls were not allowed admission until 1901 -Many Chinese were sent to Japan to study because of the limited education in China

7. Start of a Revolution At first, people were not concerned about overthrowing government, just wanted financial problems fixed Government refused to help citizens, therefore started the revolution Wuchang Rebellion First rebellion Late October- Provinces started to declare independence November- 2/3 of China had declared independence from Qing empire

9. Sun Yat-sen “Father of the Revolution” Born into peasant family (China) Lived in Hawaii for a few years then became doctor Living in Hawaii gave him more Westernized view Believed that foreign support was needed for a successful revolution 3 People’s Principles: Nationalism, Equality, and Democracy

11. Foreign Support Japan: Helped spread Sun’s revolutionary ideas Helped raise money Protected him from being assassinated Sun also gained support from other foreign nations: -Britain -Hawaii -Chinese studying abroad

12. Revolutionary Organizations Revive China Society- secret society organized by Sun Yat- sen in Tokyo -”To expel barbarians and to revive China, to establish a republic, and to distribute land equally among the people.”

13. Revolts 1906- Sun Yat-sen planned to have armed uprisings on the southern borders of China This would happen one province at a time until dynasty was overthrown Huan Hsing planned to organize revolts along the Yangtze River instead 1907-1910- Revolts along the Simo-Vietnamese border failed; not enough supplies or financial support After revolts failed, some turned to assassinations of Qing officails

15. Outcome Qing dynasty finally overthrown China becomes a republic Sun Yat-sen as president --achieves nationalism and equality, but realizes China is not ready for a democracy China then followed the American Constitution

16. Significance Abandoned the monarchial form of government China became a republic; only country in Asia to at the time People had power

17. EVERYONE supported revolution, or executed Thousands killed Strong military Monarchy One culture Secret societies had to be set up Weak military Peaceful Provinces Dynasty Greater population & geography Many different cultures Gained a Republic Previous feudal system Food shortages Weak government leader Angry peasants Weak economy Heavy taxes Unnecessary government spending Wanted Nationalism Strived Equality FRENCH BOTH CHINES E