1. Pre-Edo fort (16th c. sengoku period)

2. “Three unifiers” and emergence of “Baku-han” order Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Images from “D-project”

3. 1855 map of Japan by Richard Hildreth (Phillips, Sampson and Co.) Map courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin UT library site 1855 map

4. Edo-era castle

5. Kumamoto castle

6. Tokugawa-era castletown Brown=high-ranking Samurai Tan=lower-level samurai Orange/yellow=merchant areas Blue=shrines and temples

7. 4 status system Samurai –Ruling class, 10% of population Peasant –Agrarian-based society/economy Artisan Merchant Artisan Peasant Merchant Samurai

8. Troubles within Urbanization Commercialization Bureaucratization Peasant disturbances Samurai intellectual discourse

9. Peter Duus, “Weapons of the weak, weapons of the strong:-- the development of the Japanese political cartoon.” Journal of Asian Studies 60.4 (Nov. 2001).

10. Motoori Norinaga Deciphers Kojiki Mito domain National Learning (Kokugaku) Aizawa Seishisai (active 1820s), kokutai, and sonno joi. “Revere the Emperor; Expel the barbarian” “national body”

11. End of Baku-han order I Perry visit, 1853-54 Abe requesting all daimyo opinions Hotta requesting imperial sanction of Harris Treaty Ii Naosuke signing treaty, Ansei purge, his assassination (Mito and Satsuma shishi)

12. Perry’s landing (1853)

13. Perry’s landing (1853) alternate print

14. Townsend Harris at Zempukuji

15. Ii Naosuke

16. End of Baku-han order I Perry visit, 1853-54 Abe requesting all daimyo opinions Hotta requesting imperial sanction of Harris Treaty Ii Naosuke signing treaty, Ansei purge, his assassination (Mito and Satsuma shishi)

17. End of Baku-han order II Union of Court and Camp (kobu gattai), 1860-64 “Men of high spirit,” escalation of political violence: –1862 Richardson killed--Satsuma bombed 1863 –1863 firing on ships off Shimonoseki (Choshu)--foreign retaliation 1864

18. Final showdown Tokugawa self-strengthening Satsuma-Choshu alliance Shifting meaning of sonno joi, “revere the Emperor, expel the barbarian.”

19. Satsuma residence in Edo

20. Satsuma samurai at Heian (Kyoto) temple

21. Saigo Takamori Saigo statue in Ueno Park, erected 1890s. Symbol of loyalty

22. Meiji emperor

23. Western trading ships

24. Older samurai

25. Samurai and attendant

26. Fukuzawa in Paris (1862)

27. Fukuzawa Yukichi (1898)

28. Bank of Japan10,000 yen note, 2002-

29. Saigo Takamori Leader of Satsuma forces taking possession of imperial palace 1868-- Meiji Restoration Leader of Satsuma Rebellion 1876/77