1. Astronomy Merit Badge Part 3. Covered in the cabin on Wednesday 14-Dec-2011

2. Review Counselor Name: Niels Ryde E-mailryde@comcast.net Requirements 1 – 3 and 4 in part was covered on 16-Nov-2011 Requirements 4 – 5 on 7-Dec-2011 Requirements 6 – 8 on 14-Dec-2011 The Astronomy merit badge booklet is available in Troop 7’s library in the cabin. Many answers to the requirements can be found there.

3. MonthSunMercuryVenusMarsJupiterSaturn RiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSet 15-Dec-117:1716:385:3815:359:3018:5023:0412:0613:433:022:3613:45 15-Jan-127:2217:016:3515:499:2120:0321:3810:2611:411:030:4411:49 15-Feb-126:5617:377:2218:078:3921:0919:198:219:4823:1622:409:48 15-Mar-127:1319:097:2320:048:5623:0417:327:019:0822:4821:408:52 15-Apr-126:2319:415:3017:208:1623:3915:054:397:2421:2119:286:45 15-May-125:4620:115:1519:007:1422:4513:352:495:4719:5817:194:41 15-Jun-125:3320:335:5622:064:4719:1312:361:124:0918:3215:112:36 15-Jul-125:4620:307:3221:123:1017:2011:5623:442:3217:0613:150:38 15-Aug-126:1419:584:4518:572:4217:1111:2722:240:5015:2911:2222:36 15-Sep-126:4319:107:0419:253:0717:1311:0821:1522:5713:439:3520:41 15-Oct-127:1318:229:0919:084:0116:5510:5720:2221:0011:467:5418:52 15-Nov-126:4816:457:1616:564:0615:259:4318:5017:488:325:1016:00 Rise and set times for the sun and the planets Use this table to figure out requirement 5b

4. MonthSunMercuryVenusMarsJupiterSaturn RiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSetRiseSet 15-Dec-117:1716:385:3818:5023:0412:0613:433:022:36 15-Jan-127:2217:016:3520:0321:3810:2611:411:030:44 15-Feb-126:5617:3718:0721:0919:198:219:4823:1622:409:48 15-Mar-127:1319:0920:0423:0417:327:019:0822:4821:408:52 15-Apr-126:2319:415:3023:3915:054:397:2421:2119:286:45 15-May-125:4620:115:1522:4513:352:4917:194:41 15-Jun-125:3320:3322:064:4712:361:124:0915:112:36 15-Jul-125:4620:3021:123:1011:562:3213:150:38 15-Aug-126:1419:584:452:4211:270:5011:2222:36 15-Sep-126:4319:103:0711:0822:5713:439:3520:41 15-Oct-127:1318:2219:084:0110:5721:0011:46 15-Nov-126:4816:454:069:4317:488:325:10 Rise and set times for the sun and the planets 5:35 rise or set times when inner planets are visible 23:04 rise or set time when outer planets are visible in the pm sky 3:02 rise or set time when outer planets are visible in the am sky

5. Motion of the Planets, cont’d Relative motion in the equatorial plane DateJupiterMarsVenusAldebaran 12/14/20110000 12/21/20117.34.8-2.16.7 12/28/201114.09.4-4.214.0 1/4/201220.714.7-6.220.7

6. More on the planets Planet Orbital radius (A.E.) Orbital Period (y) Mercury0.3870.241 Venus0.7260.615 Earth11 Mars1.5241.881 Jupiter5.20311.862 Saturn9.5429.458 Uranus19.284.01 Neptune30.1164.8 Pluto39.4248.4 Keplers 3 rd law: P 2 = const*R 3 slope = 1.5

7. The Moon Cold Sea Sea of Rain Sea of Vapors Sea of Clouds Sea of Moisture Sea of Serenity Sea of Crises Sea of Tranquility Sea of Fertility Sea of Nectar

8. The Sun Chemical composition of photosphere in % Hydrogen73.46 Helium24.85 Oxygen0.77 Carbon0.29 Iron0.16 Neon0.12 Nitrogen0.09 Silicon0.07 Magnesium0.05 Sulfur0.10

9. Sun spots

10. Color of Stars

11. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

12. Group Activity 9.With your counselor's approval and guidance, do ONE of the following: a)Visit a planetarium or astronomical observatory. Submit a written report, a scrapbook, or a video presentation afterward to your counselor that includes the following information: 1. Activities occurring there 2. Exhibits and displays you saw 3. Telescopes and instruments being used 4. Celestial objects you observed. b)Plan and participate in a three-hour observation session that includes using binoculars or a telescope. List the celestial objects you want to observe, and find each on a star chart or in a guidebook. Prepare an observing log or notebook. Show your plan, charts, and log or notebook to your counselor before making your observations. Review your log or notebook with your counselor afterward. c)Plan and host a star party for your Scout troop or other group such as your class at school. Use binoculars or a telescope to show and explain celestial objects to the group. d)Help an astronomy club in your community hold a star party that is open to the public.

13. Individual Activity 9.With your counselor's approval and guidance, do ONE of the following: e)Personally take a series of photographs or digital images of the movement of the Moon, a planet, an asteroid or meteoroid, or a comet. In your visual display, label each image and include the date and time it was taken. Show all positions on a star chart or map. Show your display at school or at a troop meeting. Explain the changes you observed. 10.List at least three different career opportunities in astronomy. Pick the one you in which are most interested and explain how to prepare for such a career. Discuss with your counselor what courses might be useful for such a career