1. AP US History Cause and Effect

2. Cause Continued growth of American business and agriculture Capitalism and Free Markets Global competition Investments in Latin American sugar The US begins to look outward to other markets around the world…..especially in Latin America. Effect

3. Cause Geographic location Naval base (Pearl Harbor) Importing sugar is expensive (tariff) Annexation blocked by Queen 1891 American insurrection in 1893 President McKinley annexes in 1898. President McKinley annexes in 1898. The United States is interested in the Hawaiian Islands but is slow to because of President Cleveland. Hawaii is eventually annexed in 1898. Effect

4. Cause American investments in Cuban were hurt by the unrest between Cubans and Spanish. $50 million invested in Cuba. $100 million in yearly trade. In 1895 the United States intervenes in Cuba after the Cuban insurrectos torches canefields and sugar mills controlled by the Spanish. Effect

5. Cause Spanish General puts down the rebellion and places Cubans in concentration camps. Many Cubans die horrific deaths. Yellow Journalists report outrageous headlines of Americans in Cuba losing their lives. Americans become infuriated. Famous journalists: William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Effect

6. Cause The USS Maine sent to Cuba to help protect American lives in 1898. The Maine “mysteriously” explodes in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898 killing 260 American sailors. Americans naturally blame the Spanish. Yellow Journalists run with the story. Yellow Journalists The Spanish claim no foul play and that it was an accident. Americans want war! War declared with Spain in 1898. Effect

7. Cause McKinley doesn’t want the world to view our aggression in Cuba as a threat of taking over Cuba. We want to maintain our reputation as anti- imperialist and noninterventionist. President McKinley draws up the Teller Amendment which proclaims that we will give Cubans their freedom after we defeat the Spanish. Effect

8. Cause Teddy Roosevelt (in charge of the Navy) orders an American invasion of the Philippines. May 1, 1898, 400 Spaniards are killed in Manila Bay. The Philippine Islands are taken by the US in August of 1898. George Dewey and Theodore Roosevelt become national heroes for their efforts in defeating the Spanish in the Philippine Islands. Effect

9. Cause Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” invade Cuba. Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” invade Cuba. Colonel Leonard Wood leads invasion on July 1 and on July 3 the Spanish ships leave the harbor but are met by US Navy warships. Santiago Harbor in Cuba is surrendered by the Spanish and on August 12, 1898 Spain signs an armistice ending the war. Effect

10. Cause Peace treaty with Spain signed in Paris, France in 1898. United States gets Guam and Puerto Rico. Cuba gives the United States land after we give them their independence (teller amendment). We receive more respect world-wide in diplomacy. We gave Spain $20 million for the Philippines. Effect

11. Cause President McKinley decides to annex the Philippines outright. Plans to Christianize and provide government structure. Protection from anarchy, imperialist Japan, and re- takeover by Spain. Filipino insurrection against the United States in 1899. Filipino insurrection Emilio Aguinaldo capture in 1901 and rebellion is stopped. Philippines given independence later in 1946 on……July 4. Effect

12. Cause China is defeated by Japan in 1895. European nations rush to China to claim “spheres of influence” in order to control the trade market of those areas. Effect

13. Cause The United States doesn’t want to fall behind in the global marketplace or lose influence in the Pacific. They want a piece of the action while also showing respect to China’s culture. Secretary of State, John Hay, creates the Open Door Policy….respecting Chinese rights, fair competition, no stopping trade in their respective spheres of influence.Open Door Policy Effect

14. Cause Tired of all the foreign nations in China, Chinese natives skilled in martial arts kill more than 200 foreigners and Chinese converts to Christianity. Laid siege on foreign relations building in Beijing. Boxer Rebellion of 1900 Effect

15. Cause William McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czolgosz. William McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czolgosz. Two gunshot wounds. Conspiracy theories behind assassination run wild. Theodore Roosevelt takes over the Presidency in September of 1901. Effect

16. Cause President Roosevelt desires to strengthen our Navy and make our mobility faster to defend our new territories…. Begins negotiations with French company in Panama to create canal connecting Atlantic to Pacific. The Columbian government stops construction. The Panamanians revolt with the help of the US and win their independence from Columbia. Construction began in 1904 and finished in 1914 and cost over 400 million dollars.canal Effect

17. Cause Latin American nations begin defaulting on loans to European nations and those nations begin to invade Latin America which threatens US economic interests. President Roosevelt implements the “Roosevelt Corollary”. President Roosevelt An addition to the Monroe Doctrine. The US will help Latin American nations pay their debts to European nations. Our objective: keep Europe out of the Western Hemisphere. Effect