1. Today’s Issues- Africa
Chapter 20 Notes
Today’s Issues- Africa

2. Section 1- Economic Development
Africa’s Economy-
Primarily provide raw materials to developed nations
Problems-
Exploited resources
Millions sold into slavery
No regard for environment while mining, & drilling
Little infrastructure (roads, airports…)
Little political stability
Little technology

3. Section 1- Economic Development
Most African nations are worse off than they were 30 years ago.
Continents GNP is the size of Argentina’s
Most African nations owe billions in debt to foreign governments.

4. Section 1- Economic Development
DON’T WRITE
Sub-Saharan Africa: For every $1 received in aid grants in 1999, the countries in the region paid back $1.51 in debt service. They owe $231 billion to creditors, that is $406 for every man, woman and child in Africa. Sub-Saharan countries spend over twice as much on debt service as on basic health care. They spend 6.1 % of GNP on education and spent 5.0 % of GNP on debt service. If Africa's debt were cancelled it could almost double its spending on education.

5. Section 1- Economic Development
Most African nations economies rely on exporting raw materials, several rely on exporting 1-2 goods
Known as “One-Commodity” Countries
Commodity is an agricultural or mining product that is sold.
$ varies day to day
Very unstable

6. Section 1- Economic Development
African nations need to Diversify
create variety in their economies, promote manufacturing, to achieve economic growth & stability

7. Section 1- Economic Development
Education-
African nations need to improve their schooling systems
Retain the professionals in their continent
Many go to other countries (U.S. & Europe) to earn a better living

8. Section 2- Health Care Cholera-
Caused by inadequate sanitation & lack of a clean water supply
Often fatal if not treated

9. Section 2- Health Care
Malaria- infectious disease with chills & fever, often fatal.
Spread by mosquitoes
Resistant to drugs because of overuse

10. Section 2- Health Care
Tuberculosis- respiratory infection spread between humans, usually accompanies AIDS
If left untreated it kills 50%

11. Section 2- Health Care
UNAIDS- United Nations program that studies the world’s AIDS epidemic

12. Spreading Across Africa
AIDS
Spreading Across Africa

13. ≈40 million people have HIV/AIDS worldwide
≈25+ million are in sub-Saharan Africa

14. 25+ million have died from AIDS worldwide 4+ million were
under the age of 15

15. In 2000, 3 Million died from AIDS
Of these 2.4 Million lived in Sub-Saharan Africa

16. 5.4 million new AIDS infections each year
4 million are in Africa

17. 13.2 million orphans from AIDS
12.1 million of those
are found in Africa

18. 11 new HIV/AIDS infections occur each minute
In 1999, 85% of AIDS deaths were in Africa
11 new HIV/AIDS infections occur each minute
7200 new AIDS infections per day

19. Bubonic Plague killed 30 million people in
How does AIDS compare to other epidemics?
Bubonic Plague killed 30 million people in
Medieval Europe
By 2010 sub-Saharan Africa will
have 71 million FEWER people
than if AIDS never happened

20. IMPACT?
Teachers, doctors, and nurses are dying faster than can be replaced
80% of those dying are between years old – workers in the prime of life

21. 1 in 4 Infection in Botswana and Zimbabwe:
Infection in South Africa: 1 in 10
Infection in Botswana and
Zimbabwe:
1 in 4

22. AIDS is turning back the clock on development in Africa
But beyond statistics…………….
Families forced to care for members who are ill spend money on medicine otherwise used for food, housing, schools, and other necessities
People trapped in poverty typically have limited access to health care and are not educated about health issues
Effective and comprehensive prevention programs could cost $2.3 billion each year
AIDS is turning back the
clock on development in Africa

23. How is it spreading so quickly? Lack of education
Mobile work force and rapid urbanization
Contribute to cities with 40/50% of population infected
Soldiers moving from from one war to another…..spreads the disease
Misconceptions about the
disease and how it is spread
Lack of education