1. IMAGINE CUP GROUP MEMBERS: NUR ALYA BINTI ABU BAKAR (A150948) NOR ALIAH ATIQAH BINTI MOHD SHARIF BUDIN (A150754) NUR SURIZA SYAZWANY BINTI AHMAD NIZAM (A150818) DEWI SUSMAWATY BINTI SAIFUL ARIFIN (A149600)

2. Introduction  Snake bite is a serious medical problem in Malaysia.  From 1978 to 2000,there were 55000 cases of snakebites recorded in the hospitals in Malaysia.  The mortality rate of snakebites in Malaysia is only 0.3 per 100000 population but the local necrotic effects of some venoms can cause prolonged morbidity or even crippling deformity.  Epidemiological studies showed that in Malaysia,bites were mainly due to four species of land snakes: 1. Calloselasma rodostoma (Malayan pit viper) 2. Naja naja (Asian common cobra) 3. Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (shore pit viper) 4. Trimeresurus wagleri (Wagler’s pit viper)

3. The study was conducted at Govt. Hospital, Yavatma, India Poisoning cases reported to casualty and postmortem cases of poisoning brought to the hospital from 01/06/2003 to 30/05/2004 Total 1003 patients of poisoning were studied Snake bite were second most common agents responsible for poisoning with percentage of 27.32 % Snake bites was the second highest with 5.13 % of mortality Source : Chronicles of Young Scientist, Study of trends of poisoning in the cases reported to government hospital, Yavatmal Written by: Yuganti Prabhakar Vaidya, Sandip Meghnad Hulke Department of Physiology, Laxminarayan Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

4. Types Of Snake  In Malaysia and the coastel waters of region,there are at least 18 different species of venomous front fanged land snakes and more than 22 different species of sea snake.  These venemous snakes belong to the following 5 subfamilies: 1. Crotalinae: represented by the two genera Calloselasma and Trimeresurus. 2. Elapidae: represented by the five genera Naja, Bungarus, Ophiophagus, Maticora, and Calliophis. 3. Laticaudinae: represented by genus Laticauda. 4. Hydrophiinae: represented by the six genera Enhydrina, Kerilia, Hydrophis, Thalassophis, Pelamis and Kolpophis. 5. Ephalophiini: represented by the only genus Aipysurus.

5. EphalophiiniCrotalinaeLaticaudinae Hydrophiinae Elapidae

6. Snake Venom  There are 4 types of venom Hemotoxin, Mytotoxin, Neurotoxin, or Cytotoxin.  Excreted through a modified parotid salivary gland located on each side of skull and behind the eye.  Made up of a combination of proteins and enzymes.  Various compounds have synergistic effects.

7. 1. Hemotoxin - These venoms attack the cardiovascular system, circulatory system and muscle tissues, thus directly leading to heart failures. 2. Neurotoxic - These venoms go after the central nervous system and brain. They often result in respiratory paralysis and heart failures. Its essentially nerve destroying. Hence, one can see speech and swallowing difficulties,difficulty in breathing,convulsions and sometimes even prolonged unconsciousness in the victims. 3. Cytotoxic - This is a milder venom that generally causes only localized symptoms at the location of the bite.This is a cell destroying venom that destroys everything in it's path - blood vessels, cells and tissues. 4. Mytotoxic - This venom is known to cause muscular necrosis. Myotoxic venom contains peptides that destroy the muscle fiber proteins and result in myonecrosis (muscle destruction). In the very later stages (when treatment is delayed) of the spread of this venom, the muscle proteins enter the blood stream. The kidney overworks in trying to filter out this junk and often gives up trying.

8. Symptoms  Cytotoxin/Mytotoxin Intense local pain Gradual swelling Nausea and vomiting Distinct metallic taste Shock  Hemotoxic Severe headache and thirst Extreme pain Internal bleeding from major organs Destruction of red blood cells causing a lack of oxygen in the body Death

9.  Neurotoxic Fast acting and is rapidly absorbed,attacking the central nervous system Paralysis Respiratory failure Death

10. General symptoms of snake bite in human

11. Anti-venom of snake  Antivenom is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Antivenom is created by injecting a small amount of the targeted venom into an animal such as a horse, sheep,goat,or rabbit.The subject animal will undergo an immune response to the venom, producing antibodies against the venom's active molecule which can then be harvested from the animal's blood and used to treat envenomotion.

12. ANTIVENOM OF SNAKE

13. PROBLEMS?  How to lower the death rate caused by venomous snakes?  How to determine what type of anti venom matches with the species of snakes?  How to take less time to transport the patient to the nearest clinic/ hospitals?  increase the chance of survival of the patient?

14. Challenges  To lower the death rate caused by snake bite to zero.  Build a system that can: - recognize the species of every snakes - recommend the most effective anti venom for the patient - locate nearest hospitals - handy

15. Advantages and disadvantages IDEAADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Build up a website that provide all information about the snakes. We can gain more knowledge about snake and able to differentiate which snakes are dangerous or not and also can classify it into it species. As the peoples search on Internet, it maybe takes a long time to retrieve due to certain area have not good Internet connection. It takes time to search for websites Do advertisement on media such as radio and television. An advertisement is more creative to attract people watch it. Not all people like to watching television or listening radio as they prefer to use Smartphone to get entertainment and information. Expensive Develop an application for Smartphone. Most people nowadays have their own Smartphone where it is easy to bring anywhere and we can access Internet anytime we want Free Need to download the application first

16. Solution  World Citizenship: projects that want to address an important social problem such as disease, natural disasters, civil rights, poverty, access to vital information, gender equality, and so on. It’s about solving real problems for real people.  Hence, create an app for Snake Anti Venom Detector in your everyday smartphones.

17. What is in the Snake App? We have implemented 4 types of systems in this applications:  Detect the species of the snake using pattern recognition.  Detect whether the snake is venomous or not.  If it venomous, detect the most effective anti venom.  Use GPS to locate the nearest hospitals that or the hospital that have the specific anti venom.  Tips on how to do a first aid treatment to the patient.

18. Pattern Recognition.  Capture the images of the snake using a smartphone camera.  Then, it will be matched with a list of snakes pictures to determine the snake type.

19. Anti Venom Detector After the snake pattern is detected, the apps will automatically give you a list of anti venoms that is suitable with that type of snakes. GPS The app will use the GPS to locate the nearest hospital to treat the patient. Emergency Treatment Tips  if the hospital is too far, this feature is provided for the user to help in slower the poison to flow in the blood.  It helps to increase the lifespan of the victim

20. User Interface HOME INDEX

21. User Interface TAKE PICTURE OF SNAKE LOCATE NEAREST HOSPITAL (GPS)

22. User Interface EMERGENCY TREATMENT TIPS

23. Reference  http://articlesng.com/anti-venom-classification-symptoms-effect/ http://articlesng.com/anti-venom-classification-symptoms-effect/  https://www.scribd.com/doc/66631889/7/Mechanism-of-Antivenom https://www.scribd.com/doc/66631889/7/Mechanism-of-Antivenom  http://www.timsreptiles.co.za/venom/types-of-snake-venom-and- their-effects-on-humans

24. END. Thank You