1. Quick review so answer these questions please!!! On a scratch sheet of paper with name on it!!! NO NOTES!!! 1. Three REASONS for US imperialism 2. What is the difference between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary? 3. Why did Roosevelt add more bite to US policy in Latin America? 4. What did the Treaty of Paris settle in 1899? What did the US gain? 5. “Speak softly and carry big stick” What is the big stick?

4. Panama  1520 Charles V (Spain) surveyed for best route  1846US and Colombia declare Isthmus neutral territory  1880’s French try to build canal (unsuccessful)  1901Roosevelt becomes President  “regarded taking of Panama as a fulfillment of the most direct American strategic interest, as a way of denying Europe a foothold in Central America, assuring full mobility for a two-ocean navy.”

5. Panama  (Hay-Pauncefote Treaty) 1901  Treaty eliminated any chance for Britain to compete in the area.  Hay – Herran Treaty 1903: from the Spooner Amendment to purchase canal rights from Colombia for $40 million and $250,000 for life. REJECTED!! By Colombia  Nov.1903 Revolution by Panamanians was supported by Roosevelt.  Hay Bunau-Varilla Treaty granted US the rights to build under the same criteria as Herran Treaty but with Panama.  1904 construction began finished in 1914

7. Today it is being widened

8. Effects of Roosevelt and the Canal  Cost: $345 million not including purchase price and yearly pay to Panama.  Won Roosevelt the 1904 election  1958 Panama Independence Day, desire to be sovereign. US citizens hurt  1960 Congress passes resolution to not allow Panama flag to be flown in canal zone.

9.  1969 Panamanian Revolution new government  Omar Torrijos new leader (Nixon refuses to meet on grounds of militaristic government).  1973 Security Council declares Panama to be free of colonial rule of USA.  1977 President Carter negotiated canal zone to be sovereign by 1980 but US “right to defend,”run it until 2000.  US has intervened in Latin America over 35 times since 1903.

10. What do you think about the Election Outcome? 1. Why did Western powers seek to establish spheres of influence in China? 2. What were the Open Door Notes? 3. What were the causes and consequences of the Boxer Rebellion? 4. Why are the Open Door Notes believed to be the “bedrock” of American foreign policy?

11. Taft and Wilson (Imperialism)  Dollar Diplomacy:  Taft gave $ to Nicaragua for failing banks along with a few marines when things went wrong!  Missionary Diplomacy:  Moral responsibility to deny recognition of any oppressive, undemocratic or hostile government toward the U.S.  Bring on the Police Power  Mexico: 1911 revolution where peasants led by Francisco Madero overthrew Diaz (military dictator)

12. Wilson and Mexico  General Victoriano Huerta took over Madero two years later.  Wilson refused to recognize  1914: Tampico Mexico the arrest of American Soldiers led to US intervention.  1915: Venustiano Carranza takes control and Wilson removes troops  Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata  Death of Americans in Columbus New Mexico gets US fired up.  1916: US getting ready for war in Europe remove troops looking for Villa

13. Goals Achieved 1. Expanded foreign markets to ensure growth of economy 2. Built modern navy to protect interest 3. International Police Power

14. A little Group Activity  Turn to the person sitting to your left and decide what was the “one” driving force for US imperialism. Defend your groups position as to why it is more important than any other reason.

15. Roosevelt/Taft/Wilson (362- 63)  Roosevelt Corollary/Dollar diplomacy/Missionary Diplomacy how are they different/same?  What are the strengths of each?  Which do you feel was most effective and why?  Make an argument in favor of Wilson’s Missionary diplomacy.

16. What were the long term effects of Imperialism  Pros:  Markets  Land  Military strength  Anglo superiority  Cons:  Unconstitutional  Against Declaration of Independence  Tainting of Anglo race