1. DNA typing

2. What is DNA? a.Nucleus of cells contain RNA/DNA b.DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid *** c.Nucleus has 23 pairs of chromosomes made up of DNA *** d.Within each pair, one chromosome from sperm and one from egg ***

3. What makes DNA individual? a.Four chemicals: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine make up the DNA code *** b.Chemical strung together=DNA code c.Some sections of DNA vary from individual to individual d.Scientists can link a strand of DNA to a given individual e. 2 different people could possibly have the same blood type, not DNA ***

4. Criminal investigations a.Specimens: blood, hair, bloodstained clothing Provides powerfully compelling evidence *** Provides powerfully compelling evidence ***

5. Forensic anthropology Skeletal anatomy Skeletal anatomy a. 206 bones b. Man = 12 pounds, woman = 10 pounds *** What bones show What bones show a. How person lived b. Debilitation illnesses (rickets, polio, healed fractures, osteoporosis) c. Right handed or left handed d. Clues to occupation

6. Skeletal remains can show: Age of person at time of death Age of person at time of death Sex of person (skull and pelvis) Sex of person (skull and pelvis) Race Race Height Height If the head is missing, it may be difficult to determine the victim’s race *** If the head is missing, it may be difficult to determine the victim’s race ***

7. Odontology and serology studies in forensic medicine A.Odontology 1. Characteristics of teeth after death a. No other part lasts longer b. In fires, teeth usually only means to ID remains, after a house fire, the coroner would request a copy of the victim’s odontogram in order to help identify the body. *** c. No two people have identical teeth

8. Requirements for identification a.Need dental records b.Dentists chart five surfaces of each tooth in a grid (odontogram) c. Can also provide “bite mark” evidence Teeth useful in determining subject’s age Teeth useful in determining subject’s age

9. Odontology

10. Serology Blood type a.Four types (A, B, O, and AB) b.Rh factor (Rh factor is found in the blood) *** c.Female cells have Barr Body***

11. Criminology a.Kastle-Meyer test to determine if it is indeed blood b.Precipitin test – determines animal or human blood c.Can determine type and gender from blood d.Provides reliable and informative evidence

12. Question for Monday List the forensic techniques that we have discussed so far. List the forensic techniques that we have discussed so far.

13. Answer for Monday Odontology Odontology Forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology DNA typing DNA typing Blood Blood Firearms and Toolmarks Firearms and Toolmarks Forensic Profiling Forensic Profiling Document Examination Document Examination Autopsy Autopsy

14. Question for Tuesday How long has a victim been dead for rigor mortis starts? When does it reverse? How long has a victim been dead for rigor mortis starts? When does it reverse?

15. Answer for Tuesday Three hours Three hours Reverses after 36 hours Reverses after 36 hours

16. Question for Wednesday Steve claims that he was attacked by three people. One of the attackers, John, bit him. Is there any way to prove in court that John bit Steve? Steve claims that he was attacked by three people. One of the attackers, John, bit him. Is there any way to prove in court that John bit Steve?

17. Answer to Wednesday Yes, using bite mark identification/evidence Yes, using bite mark identification/evidence

18. Test ID-First Block 8911012867 8911012867 Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed. Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed.

19. Test ID-Second Block 8922812867 8922812867 Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed. Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed.

20. Test ID-Third Block 8903412867 8903412867 Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed. Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed.

21. Test ID-Fourth Block 8919512867 8919512867 Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please get a computer and make sure you can log in and sign in. When you are finished with your test, please log yourself off and shut the computer down. Don’t just turn the computer off, but shut it down. Thank you Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed. Please sit quietly while others finish. You may work on other schoolwork if needed.