1. Testing in Agile Projects: Where Things Stand Today Brian Marick marick@testing.com Copyright © 02004 by Brian Marick. Permission granted to reproduce verbatim. Some images copyright www.arttoday.com.

2. What Are Agile Projects? An attitude toward change An attitude toward software Some attitudes toward people The Manifesto for Agile Software Development, www.agilemanifesto.org

3. Changing Requirements Are Swell Oh! Let’s add this! Sure! Now that I see my feature, I don’t like it. How should we change it?

4. Software Can Be Soft Programs can become better, cleaner, and more capable They become changeable by being successfully changed –not mainly by planning for change Frequent new requirements “train” the code and the coders “Agile methods, the Emersonian worldview, and the dance of agency” www.visibleworkings.com/papers/agile-methods-and-emerson.html

5. People Written documentation is a poor substitute for continuous conversation Generalists trump specialists Teams can self-organize Trust –“… if you ask for help, someone has to help you” - Lisa Crispin

6. Agile Methodologies Extreme Programming Scrum DSDM Evolutionary delivery and staged delivery share many characteristics See “Reading” slides at the end

7. The Import Kaner, Bach, and Pettichord, Lessons Learned in Software Testing www.context-driven-testing.com/wiki/scribble.cgi These attitudes toward change, software, and people are the context for testing in Agile projects

8. Four Types of Testing Geoffrey Moore, Crossing the Chasm, p. 19

9. Programmer Testing I need an object that records each time segment Test-driven design Unit testing

10. Programmer Testing The test comes first

11. Programmer Testing Code is written to pass the test

12. Programmer Testing Not done? Write another test…

13. Programmer Testing And the code to pass it. All earlier tests continue to pass

14. Programmer Testing Code awkward? Fix it now. Tests continue to pass (Refactoring) Martin Fowler, Refactoring

15. Programmer Testing Eventually, the jelly is cooked, nailed down, and ready for further change

16. Status

17. Why was this decision made? I need an object that records each time segment

18. Because of a Customer Representative …I want to scribble notes about what I’m doing…

19. FIT Tests Makes sense to the customer representative Reminder, not requirement Easy to run fit.c2.com

20. Test Results Browser- Friendly Tests First

21. Tests Make Change Smooth small change Has anything broken?

22. Tests Inform Programmers There are no explicit requirements or specifications –so tests cannot check code against them Tests serve same goal as requirements or specifications –they provoke programmers to write the right program No way!

23. Requirements for Test Notation Provoking the right code Improving product conversation –tests are something to talk about –ground conversation in the concrete –forging a common vocabulary Making possibilities more noticeable –explaining to someone else supplements trying out working software –concreteness sparks ideas

24. The Tester As Participant How can we best be concrete? What “goes without saying”? What should the product not do? Who’s being overlooked? What bugs seem likely?

25. “Tester” As Job Title How can we best be concrete? What “goes without saying”? What should the product not do? Who’s being overlooked? What bugs seem likely?

26. Status acceptance tests, customer tests, whole-product tests, business-facing tests…

27. Mid-Course Observation Business Facing Technology Facing These tests primarily support programming (as well as the whole team’s understanding)

28. Is This Really Testing? Checked examples –for discussion –for confident implementation –where are the bugs? Change detectors –for confident implementation –where are the bugs?

29. What About When the Examples Are Bad Examples? (incomplete, misleading)

30. Extending the Model Examples that use business terminology Examples that use interior terminology Business Facing Technology Facing Support Programming

31. Extending the Model Examples that use business terminology Examples that use interior terminology ? ? Business Facing Technology Facing Support Programming Critique Product

32. Critiquing the Product What resource do we newly have? –the working product, including new code Exploratory testing –“simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution” - James Bach Doing what? –diverse users and their scenarios –imaginative end-to-end testing –some opportunistic feature testing www.satisfice.com/articles.shtml

33. Exploratory Bug Finding

34. A Quadrant Entry Examples that use business terminology Examples that use interior terminology User-centered bug reports ? Business Facing Technology Facing Support Programming Critique Product

35. Status

36. Still Not Addressed What about security bugs, configuration bugs, performance problems, bugs revealed under load, usability problems (like suitability for color-blind people), etc. etc. etc.? –difficult to specify by example –whole-product, but not central to domain

37. These Are Technology Issues Understanding of implementation more important than understanding of a particular domain Examples that use business terminology Examples that use interior terminology User-centered bug reports ? Business Facing Technology Facing Support Programming Critique Product

38. The Good News

39. My Take on the State of the Practice Examples that use business terminology Examples that use interior terminology User-centered bug reports “ility” bug reports Business Facing Technology Facing Support Programming Critique Product

40. Summary: Testing in Agile Projects

41. Reading (1) Agile development in general –www.agilealliance.org –Agile Software Development, Alistair Cockburn –“Agile methods, the Emersonian worldview, and the dance of agency”, Brian Marick, www.visibleworkings.com/papers/agile-methods-and-emerson.html Extreme Programming –Extreme Programming Explained, Kent Beck –www.xprogramming.com/xpmag/whatisxp.htm Scrum –Agile Software Development with Scrum, Schwaber and Beedle –www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/scrum DSDM –DSDM: Business Focused Development, DSDM Consortium –www.dsdm.org

42. Reading (2) Agile from a tester’s point of view –www.testing.com/agile –Testing eXtreme Programming, Lisa Crispin and Tip House –agile-testing@yahoogroups.com –www.testing.com/cgi-bin/blog Programmer testing –Test-Driven Design by Example, Kent Beck –Test-Driven Development: A Practical Guide, Dave Astels –Pragmatic Unit Testing, Hunt and Thomas –testdrivendevelopment@yahoogroups.com

43. Reading (3) Exploratory testing –www.satisfice.com/articles.shtml –www.testingcraft.com/exploratory.html Context-driven testing –Lessons Learned in Software Testing, Kaner, Bach, and Pettichord –www.context-driven-testing.com/wiki/scribble.cgi Miscellaneous –FIT: fit.c2.com (see also fitnesse.org) –Crossing the Chasm, Geoffrey Moore –Refactoring, Martin Fowler (et. al.)