1. Biology
Ch. 20

2. A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a(an)
eukaryote.
prokaryote.
eubacterium.
archaebacterium.

3. Multicellular protists are grouped with unicellular protists because multicellular protists
do not resemble plants.
do not resemble animals.
do not resemble fungi.
are very similar to unicellular protists.

4. According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from
a symbiosis of several cells.
mitochondria that grew very large.
chloroplasts that grew very large.
plants, animals, and fungi.

5. In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a
gullet.
pseudopod.
food vacuole.
contractile vacuole.

6. To which phylum do amoebas, foraminiferans, and heliozoans belong?
sarcodines
ciliates
sporozoans
pseudopods

7. Zooflagellates may live in lakes and streams, where they
penetrate and live within cells of a host.
absorb food through their cell membrane.
feed by sweeping food particles into their gullet.
feed by surrounding their meal and taking it inside themselves.

8. Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy” of all the cell’s genes?
the micronucleus
the gullet
the trichocysts
the macronucleus

9. The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as
African sleeping sickness.
amebic dysentery.
malaria.
algal bloom.

10. Which statement about malaria is true?
Not all strains can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine.
Many strains can be treated with modern drugs; however, there is no completely effective vaccine.
All strains can be treated with modern drugs, and there is an effective vaccine.
Malaria has been eradicated by control of the Anopheles mosquito.

11. Which of the following diseases does the animallike protist known as Entamoeba cause?
malaria
African sleeping sickness
amebic dysentery
potato blight

12. A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from
contaminated water supplies.
infection by the animallike protist Giardia.
the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.
the bite of the tsetse fly.

13. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight?
cilium and fucoxanthin
chlorophyll and accessory pigments
phycobilin and flagellum
oogonium and antheridium

14. As sunlight passes through sea water, the sea water
absorbs large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.
reflects large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.
absorbs large amounts of blue wavelengths.
none of the above

15. What effect did the evolution of different forms of chlorophyll in algae have?
a decrease in the range of depths at which algae can live
an increase in the range of depths at which algae can live
no effect on the range of depths at which algae can live
a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of algae

16. To which phylum of unicellular plantlike algae do the diatoms belong?
Euglenophyta
Bacillariophyta
Chrysophyta
Pyrrophyta

17. Euglenas have an intricate, folded cell membrane called a(an)
cell wall.
trichocyst.
eyespot.
pellicle.

18. Which of the statements is true about dinoflagellates?
They contain bright yellow pigments.
They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.
Many species are luminescent.
They possess pillbox-shaped cell walls of silica.

19. What do the members of the phylum Pyrrophyta have in common with many of the members of the phylum Chrysophyta?
They have cell walls of cellulose.
They have cell walls of silica.
They have pellicles.
They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

20. A bloom is the clouding of water by sewage. an enormous mass of algae.
a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral.
none of the above

21. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called
chrysophytes.
pyrophytes.
phytoplankton.
diatoms.

22. Which organism would most likely be present in a water sample collected during a red tide?
Tridacna
Euglenophyta
Gonyaulax
diatoms

23. Which phylum causes the red tide that infects shellfish with a toxin?
Chrysophyta
Euglenophyta
Bacillariophyta
Pyrrophyta

24. An example of a multicellular green alga is
Ulva.
Chlamydomonas.
Volvox.
Fucus.

25. What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae?
cell wall composition
photosynthetic pigments
multicellularity
all of the above

26. Red algae lack flagella and
nuclei.
centrioles.
accessory pigments.
chlorophyll.

27. The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed at great depths is
Chlorophyta.
Rhodophyta.
Phaeophyta.
none of the above

28. Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle in a process known as
alternation of generations.
fusion of opposite mating types.
sexual reproduction.
asexual reproduction.

29. The green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by producing
gametophytes.
sporophytes.
zygotes.
zoospores.

30. In the life cycle of the green alga Ulva, one of the phases produces male and female gametes known as
sporophytes.
gametophytes.
spores.
zoospores.

31. An argument that does NOT support the classification of multicellular green algae as plants is that multicellular green algae
have highly specialized tissues.
live primarily in water.
display alternation of generations.
contain chlorophyll a, which makes them green.

32. Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet?
They are rich in vitamin C.
They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems.
They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.
They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes, and paints.

33. Some products derived from algae include
drugs for stomach ulcers and high blood pressure.
thickeners for food.
chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants.
all of the above

34. Which of the following is algae’s most important contribution to humans?
as a source for industrial chemicals
as a source for medicinal drugs
as a photosynthesizer
as a direct food source for humans

35. Which of the following groups includes only funguslike protists?
cellular slime molds, brown algae, water molds
cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, water molds
cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, animallike protists
cellular slime molds, fungi, water molds

36. Funguslike protists get nutrients by
photosynthesis.
living as an animal parasite.
absorbing them from dead or decaying matter.
none of the above

37. Which type of protist is likely to be found in a damp, nutrient-rich environment?
a single-celled alga
an animallike protist
a funguslike protist
all of the above

38. The funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water, some of which are plant parasites on land, are
water molds.
acellular slime molds.
cellular slime molds.
true fungi.

39. When the amoebalike cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they form structures with many nuclei called
plasmodia.
zoosporangia.
spores.
filaments.

40. In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the
migrating colony.
sporangium.
antheridium and oogonium.
zoosporangium.

41. What structure of an acellular slime mold is analogous to the colony of cellular slime molds?
sporangium
germinating spore
zygote
plasmodium

42. Protists that break down organic material include the
funguslike protists.
animallike protists.
plantlike protists.
none of the above

43. The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the quality of
salt water.
fresh water.
topsoil.
potato crops.

44. What kinds of weather conditions might cause a farmer to worry about infection by Phytophthora infestans?
warm and dry
cool and dry
warm and wet
cool and wet

45. A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a(an)
cellular slime mold.
acellular slime mold.
water mold.
none of the above

46. Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes.
True
False

47. Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement.
True
False

48. If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely cause would be contaminated drinking water.
True
False

49. The type of chlorophyll most efficient at capturing red and violet light is chlorophyll a.
True
False

50. Euglenas have cell walls composed of silica and shaped like the two sides of a pillbox.
True
False

51. Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tides.
True
False

52. A high level of certain toxins found in filter feeders, such as clams, may be a sign that an algal bloom has occurred.
True
False

53. The brown accessory pigment found in brown algae is phycobilin.
True
False

54. Members of the phylum Rhodophyta contain the accessory pigment phycobilin.
True
False

55. The life cycles of many algae include both a diploid and a haploid generation.
True
False

56. Dried Porphyran, called nori in Japanese, is a green alga.
True
False

57. Funguslike protists are autotrophs.
True
False

58. Slime molds are funguslike protists that play key roles in recycling organic matter.
True
False

59. Slime molds and water molds are important decomposers.
True
False

60. Unlike many others in the same phylum, the spores of the Myxomycota that caused potato blight in nineteenth-century Ireland are airborne.
True
False