1. PROTISTS
State Standards:

2. Protists
1) Microscopic, unicellular organisms that contain a nucleus (eukaryotes).

3. CHARACTERISTICS Take in Oxygen through diffusion
Can move like animals and react to changes in the environment
Can be Autotrophs (Plant-like) or Heterotrophs (Animal-like or Fungus-like)

4. Protists
Reproduce through fission

5. Move by using a pseudopod, or false foot.
AMOEBA
Move by using a pseudopod, or false foot.
It is an extension of the cell membrane.

6. 3- Examples a) Amoeba
Pseudopod

7. PARAMECIUM
Move by using Cilia- tiny hairs

8. 3- Examples b) Paramecium
Cilia
Paramecia swimming
amongst algae.
Paramecium showing
its cilia

9. Sporozoans
All are parasites
Example = Plasmodium – cause of Malaria

10. Plasmodium falciparum
Various stages of the most deadly form of Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum

11. From mosquito to human Sporozoites in salivary gland.
Oöcysts in stomach wall.
Male and female gametocytes.
Liver phase.
Release of merozoites from liver. These enter red cells where both sexual and asexual cycles continue.

13. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS (ALGAE)
1) Are autotrophs, have chlorophyll and cell walls.
2) Most are plankton (live and float around in water).

14. Euglena – move by flagella or whip-like tail
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Flagellum
Euglena showing
flagellum & chloroplasts
Euglena swimming

15. Euglena
Flagellum
Chloroplast

16. a) Flagellum – whiplike tail

17. DIATOMS
Unicellular algae that come in many shapes & sizes

18. Diatoms
Cell Wall is made of Silica (a glassy substance)

19. Diatoms Uses of diatoms: 1) Fiberglass insulation 2) Some paints
Diatomaceous Earth
Uses of diatoms:
1) Fiberglass insulation
2) Some paints
3) Car polish
4) Toothpaste
Fiberglass Insulation

20. a) Dinoflagellates
Flagella

21. Other Examples of Algae
Pediastrum (colony)
Netrium
Volvox (colony)
Spirogyra

22. Algal blooms
When nutrients get into the water (farm runoff, factory wastes, detergents, etc.) algae grow in great numbers.
Algae using up oxygen can cause fish kills

23. Algal blooms Red tide – Bloom of microscopic red algae (rhodophyta)
Fish Kill during
red tide
Red tide washing
up on shore
Red algae in
water

24. 4- Slime Molds
Fungus-like protists that resemble different organisms throughout their life span (resemble an amoeba, a fungus with spores, and a flagellate).

25. 4- Slime molds Scrambled egg slime: Fuligo septica Leocarpus fragilis
Trichia decipiens
Leocarpus fragilis
(plasmodium)
Leocarpus fragilis
(fruiting bodies)

26. Protozoans

27. AMOEBA
Contractile Vacuole
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Food Vacuole

28. Contractile Vacuole

29. Food Vacuole
Food vacuole with
food inside.

30. Endoplasm
Pseudopod
Ectoplasm

31. Pseudopodia Endoplasm pushes on the ectoplasm
Ectoplasm pushes on cell membrane & forms a pseudopod.
Ectoplasm then becomes endoplasm.

32. Amoeba surrounding food (algae)
Phagocytosis
Use of vacuoles to bring in food.
Amoeba surrounding food (algae)
with its pseudopodia

33. Pinnocytosis Use of vacuoles to bring in water Vacuoles forming to

34. PARAMECIUM Contractile Vacuole Food Vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus
Controls reproduction

35. Macronucleus & Micronucleus

36. PARAMECIUM
Trichocyst-
A “harpoon”
used in defense

37. Trichocysts

38. PARAMECIUM
Cilia

39. PARAMECIUM
Oral Groove
Gullet
Anal Spot
Newly formed Food Vacuole

40. How a Paramecium Eats Cilia moves food toward the oral groove
Anal
Spot
Food vacuole
At end of the
gullet
Food passes into the gullet
A food vacuole forms at the end of the gullet
Food vacuoles float in the cytoplasm
Cilia moves food toward the oral groove
After food is digested, waste exits through the anal spot

41. Oral Groove and Gullet
Oral Groove
Gullet

42. Flagellum
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm

43. Reservoir Eyespot Pellicle Stores excess Used to detect water light
Tough cell membrane
+ proteins

44. Euglena structures
Eyespot
Reservoir

45. CREDITS