1. The Nervous System Lesson 1: An Overview

2. Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …  List the functions of the nervous system.  Identify and discuss the structures that make up the central nervous system.  Explain how nerve impulses are transmitted.

3.  State the functions of the peripheral nervous system, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, and distinguish the differences between each.  Explain the delicate balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

4.  Central Nervous System (CNS) ◦ Brain ◦ Spinal Cord

5.  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ◦ Peripheral nerves ◦ Cranial nerves

6.  PNS receives sensory information  Information goes to the CNS  The CNS tells the PNS to carry out movement and body functions

8.  Control body’s functions  impulse is transmitted from the neural cell body to muscle or organ  Usually have several dendrites and only one axon.

9.  covered with fatty insulating substance  myelin sheath  Myelin increases the speed at which impulses are transmitted along the axon.

11.  Axons may be several feet long  Dendrites resemble tree branches and are unsheathed

12.  Lack true dendrites,  Sheathed  resemble axons Motor Neuron Sensory Neuron

13.  Transmit impulses to the CNS.  CNS activates motor neurons  Respond to sensory information.

14.  located entirely within the CNS  Work between sensory and motor neurons

15.  Myelinated sheaths ◦ inner sheath of myelin ◦ outer sheath of Schwann cells ◦ Schwann cells are needed for regenerating a damaged nerve  Unmyelinated sheaths

16.  bundled unit of fibers

18.  Group of nerve fibers in CNS  The spinal cord ◦ Afferent =ascend to the brain ◦ Efferent = descend from the brain The Brain  largest nerve tract is corpus callosum  joins the right and left hemispheres

20. Solely comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

21.  Parts of the brain

22.  Largest mass of nervous tissue  Three meninges: ◦ Pia Mater ◦ Arachnoid ◦ Dura Mater

23.  Controls body functions and movement  specific areas of the brain  Generates thought  memory and emotion

24.  REPORT ON REPORTER REPORT ON REPORTER

26.  Largest part of brain  Controls higher thought processes  Outer layer is cerebral cortex  left and right halves called cerebral hemispheres

27.  has four lobes

28.  Stores memories and creates emotions

29.  Contains ◦ midbrain ◦ pons ◦ medulla oblongata (Connects brain [pons] to spinal cord)  Relay information ◦ visual ◦ auditory

30.  Located in the back of the skull  Second largest portion of the brain  Coordinates voluntary and involuntary movement  Adjusts muscles to maintain posture

31. Label and color the brain

32.  Connects the brain with the peripheral nerves  surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

33.  encased in the vertebral column (backbone)  four divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral  Spinal nerves exit through foramina (openings)

34. 1. What do you think is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid?

35.  Circulates around the brain and spinal cord  Provides cushioning and protection  Contains nourishment  Contains neurotransmitters

36.  http://www.raptorpharma.com/science_neur otrans.html http://www.raptorpharma.com/science_neur otrans.html

38.  12 pairs of cranial nerves

39.  Olfactory – provides sense of smell  Optic – provides vision  Trigeminal –sensory input from the face  Facial – controls the muscles of the face and scalp

40.  Vestibulocochlear–hearing and equilibrium  Glossopharyngeal – provides general sense of taste  Vagus – controls muscles of the digestive, slowing of heartbeat

41.  Pair up  Different stations

42.  Responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions  divides ◦ sympathetic ◦ parasympathetic

43.  fight or flight ◦ increased alertness ◦ Increase metabolic rate

45.  the adrenal gland releases epinephrine that causes adrenaline rush

46.  conserve energy  innervate the digestive system  decrease in metabolism  Decrease in bodily functions

47.  Impulses are transmitted between neurons via chemicals called neurotransmitters

48.  Anesthesiologist  Neurologist  Neurosurgeon  Psychiatrist  Psychologist